Islam is unequivocally monotheistic. This core tenet, the absolute oneness of God (Allah), forms the bedrock of Islamic faith and practice. The very word "Islam" means "submission to the will of God," emphasizing the singular devotion expected of Muslims. Polytheism, the belief in or worship of multiple gods, is strictly forbidden in Islam. This article will delve deeper into this fundamental aspect of Islamic belief, addressing common questions and misconceptions.
What is Monotheism?
Before exploring Islam's stance, let's define monotheism. It's the belief in a single, all-powerful God who is the creator and sustainer of the universe. This God is often understood to be transcendent, beyond human comprehension, yet also immanent, involved in the world and its affairs. Monotheistic religions generally emphasize a personal relationship with this God, often involving prayer, worship, and adherence to divine laws.
The Central Role of Tawhid in Islam
The concept of Tawhid (توحيد) is paramount in Islam. It literally translates to "Oneness" or "Unity" and signifies the absolute oneness of God. Tawhid isn't merely a belief in one God; it's a comprehensive worldview that rejects any form of polytheism, idolatry, or the attribution of divine qualities to anything other than Allah. This encompasses three aspects:
- Tawhid ar-Rububiyyah: The oneness of God as Lord and Creator. This acknowledges Allah as the sole creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe.
- Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah: The oneness of God as the object of worship. This emphasizes that only Allah deserves worship, praise, and obedience. No other being or entity should be venerated or given divine honors.
- Tawhid al-Asma' wa's-Sifat: The oneness of God in His names and attributes. This highlights that Allah possesses unique and incomparable attributes, and these attributes cannot be shared or applied to anyone or anything else.
What about Angels and Prophets in Islam? Are they Gods?
A common misconception arises regarding angels and prophets in Islam. While angels are revered as messengers of God, and prophets are revered as God's chosen representatives, they are not considered gods. They are created beings, subject to Allah's will, and their role is to serve and obey God. Veneration of angels or prophets as gods constitutes Shirk (شرك), a grave sin in Islam that involves associating partners with God.
How does Islam address Polytheistic Beliefs?
Islam explicitly condemns polytheism as the greatest sin. The Quran consistently emphasizes the absolute oneness of Allah and warns against associating partners with Him. The consequences of Shirk are deemed severe in Islamic teachings, underscoring the uncompromising nature of Islamic monotheism.
Does Islam recognize other religions?
Islam acknowledges the existence of other religions and recognizes the prophets sent before Muhammad (peace be upon him), including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. However, it maintains that these prophets all preached the same fundamental message: the absolute oneness of God and the necessity of submitting to His will. While Islam respects the sincere belief of followers of other faiths, it doesn't accept their theological frameworks if they involve polytheism or contradict the core principles of Tawhid.
In Conclusion:
Islam is profoundly and fundamentally monotheistic. The concept of Tawhid, the absolute oneness of God, permeates every aspect of Islamic belief and practice. Any form of polytheism is strictly forbidden and considered a transgression against the very foundation of the faith. Understanding Tawhid is crucial to grasping the essence of Islam and its unique place among world religions.
