The Mako robotic-arm assisted knee replacement system itself isn't a replacement knee; rather, it's a surgical tool that helps surgeons perform a more precise total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The actual knee replacement implant, the one placed within the patient's knee joint, is made from a combination of materials depending on the specific implant chosen by the surgeon and the patient's needs. Let's break down the components.
What Materials Are Used in Mako Knee Implants?
The most common materials used in total knee replacement implants are:
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Metal Alloys: Typically, cobalt-chromium alloys are used for the femoral (thigh bone) and tibial (shin bone) components. These alloys are chosen for their strength, durability, and biocompatibility—meaning they are unlikely to cause adverse reactions in the body. They're highly resistant to wear and tear, essential for a component that will bear significant weight and stress for potentially decades.
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Polyethylene: This high-molecular-weight polyethylene (often referred to as UHMWPE for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) forms the insert between the femoral and tibial components. This acts as a bearing surface, allowing for smooth articulation of the artificial joint. It's designed to be extremely durable and wear-resistant, though even the most advanced polyethylene can wear down over many years. Recent advancements in cross-linking and sterilization techniques have significantly improved the longevity of polyethylene implants.
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Ceramics: Some implants might utilize ceramic components, typically for the femoral head (though less common in total knee replacements than total hip replacements). Ceramic is extremely smooth and wear-resistant, offering the potential for even longer lifespan and lower friction. However, ceramic components are more brittle and can be susceptible to fracturing.
Are There Different Types of Mako Knee Implants?
While the Mako system assists in the surgery, the actual implant used isn't specific to Mako. Surgeons utilize a variety of different implant brands and designs compatible with the Mako robotic-arm assisted technology. The specific materials used will vary slightly depending on the manufacturer and the specific implant design. Each manufacturer will have its own proprietary alloys and polyethylene formulations, optimized for their specific implant geometry.
What About the Mako System Itself?
It's important to distinguish the Mako system from the actual knee implants. The Mako system is composed of:
- Robotic Arm: A highly precise robotic arm guides the surgeon during the surgical procedure, ensuring accuracy and precision in bone cuts and implant placement.
- Software: Sophisticated software helps plan the surgery pre-operatively using CT scans and guides the robotic arm during the operation.
- Instruments: Specialized instruments are used in conjunction with the robotic arm to perform the necessary steps of the surgery.
The Mako system itself is not implanted into the patient. Its role is entirely in assisting with the precision and accuracy of the surgery, leading to better outcomes and potentially faster recovery.
How Long Do Mako Knee Replacements Last?
The lifespan of a Mako knee replacement (or any knee replacement) depends on various factors, including the patient's activity level, weight, bone quality, and adherence to post-operative instructions. While advancements in materials and surgical techniques have significantly extended the longevity of implants, it's still possible for components to require revision surgery down the line. While no definitive answer exists, many patients experience 15-20 years or more before needing a revision.
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with your orthopedic surgeon or doctor for personalized guidance.
