3 Steps To Stronger School Connections Ascd

Leo Migdal
-
3 steps to stronger school connections ascd

Creating equitable, high-performing, and safe schools today requires a leader willing to overcome adversity, stay persistent, and take smart risks. Tom Szczesny is principal at Powderhorn Elementary in Dakota Ridge, Colorado. Previously, he worked for 14 years in the School District of Philadelphia across a range of roles, including teacher, researcher, teacher coach, and principal. He holds a doctorate in Educational Leadership from Penn’s Graduate School of Education. Fostering strong connections within a school community can be a key prevention measure for many key challenges, including students’ mental health struggles, academic decline, and absenteeism. But those connections don’t necessarily happen by chance.

Schools need to be intentional about building positive, lasting relationships between teachers and students and among students themselves, said Robert Balfanz, the director of the Everyone Graduates Center at the Johns Hopkins University School... “When kids are connected to school they come more often, they do better in school, they also have better physical and mental health and engage in fewer risky behaviors,” said Balfanz, who also works... “Before you even start worrying about early warning indicators, do upfront work on building relationships and connection, because that’s your best prevention strategy.” Balfanz, alongside two educators, shared strategies for how schools can lean on relationships to fight chronic absenteeism, poor academic performance, and behavioral disruptions in a May 23 online panel discussion hosted by Education Week. Carrie White, a 2nd-grade teacher and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports coach at Yates Elementary School in Schenectady, N.Y., said social-emotional learning has been the key to transforming the climate at her school into... Griselda Esparza, an assistant principal at Thomas Kelly College Preparatory in Chicago, spoke about how her school’s program to get freshmen connected has led to positive outcomes at a key time in students’ educational...

Sorry, marketing cookies are required to view this form. This piece by CZI’s Senior Director of Research to Practice, Gabriela López, was published in ASCD’s Education Leadership (EL) magazine in July 2024. Schools across the country are still grappling with the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing chronic absenteeism, which remains well above pre-pandemic levels, is a particularly daunting challenge (FutureEd, 2023). While there is no single reason why more students are missing more days of school, it’s clear that increasing students’ sense of connection and belonging at school is central to making them feel more... Over the past few years, many schools have implemented programs to promote student well-being, including increased access to counseling and new curriculum focused on supporting whole child development.

But there are additional opportunities to build systems and structures that can help educators know their students more deeply, build stronger relationships, and make learning more relevant to students’ lives—all of which can help... At the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI), we partner with organizations to translate research on the science of learning and development into effective classroom practices and tools that help educators address day-to-day challenges. Today, this prominently includes addressing the gaps in connection and engagement that can lead to absenteeism. Just as we know that there is no single explanation for the rise in chronic absenteeism, we recognize that no single program or approach will create and sustain an environment of connection and belonging. But here are three innovative initiatives that show distinct promise and give schools new ways to deepen students’ engagement with their education. A practical workbook to help elementary-level educators create supportive, trauma-invested environments in which every student can succeed.

Kristin Van Marter Souers is a licensed mental-health clinician and has more than 30 years of experience teaching, coaching, training, and consulting in a multitude of settings. She is the lead author (with Pete Hall) of two revolutionary, bestselling ASCD books on childhood trauma and stress: Fostering Resilient Learners: Strategies for Creating a Trauma-Sensitive Classroom and Relationship, Responsibility, and Regulation: Trauma-Invested... She is also the author of the first in a series of children’s books to come: 10 Things Our Brains Need. Keith Orchard is an experienced social worker and the current mental health facilitator in the Coeur d'Alene School District in Idaho. He has worked as a Peace Corps volunteer, educator, youth ranch coordinator, family counselor on a Marine Corps base, and sports coach. He is co-author, with Kristin Van Marter Souers and Pete Hall, of The Fostering Resilience Workbook: Strategies and Steps to Support Our Learners, Elementary Edition.

Keith has worked alongside Kristin and Pete in providing professional development and coaching support to educators since 2018. Pete Hall is an award-winning school principal and author or co-author of 12 books, including Fostering Resilient Learners and Relationship, Responsibility, and Regulation with Kristin Van Marter Souers and his recent social psychology life... ➛ What steps have you taken in your school or classroom to increase students’ sense of connection and belonging? Where do you think there is room for improvement? ➛ In your view, how are opportunities for advanced coursework and student engagement related? How is your school or district supporting such opportunities?

➛ What specific strategies do teachers in your school or district use to build strong developmental relationships with students? What supports do they need? Attendance Works. (2023, November 17). All hands on deck: Today’s chronic absenteeism requires a comprehensive district response and strategy. Balfanz, R., & Byrnes, V.

(2024). Off to a strong start: The GRAD partnership year 1 student success system/on-track results 2022–23. Everyone Graduates Center, Johns Hopkins University. Centers for Disease Control and ­Prevention. (2023, August 2). School connectedness.

Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. (2023). Tech spotlight: Along. Education Report: Unlocking Student Potential. Ari Gerzon-Kessler is the coordinator of family partnerships for the Boulder Valley School District in Colorado. He is the author of the new book On the Same Team: Bringing Educators and Underrepresented Families Together (Solution Tree, 2024).

Previously, Ari served for 16 years as a principal, assistant principal, and bilingual teacher. Attendance Works. (2018). Chronic absence. https://www.attendanceworks.org/chronic-absence/the-problem/ Korman, H.

T. N., O’Keefe, B., & Repka, M. (2020, October 10). Missing in the margins: Estimating the scale of the COVID-19 attendance crisis. Bellwether Education Partners. Mitropoulos, A.

(2021, June 11). With return to in-person learning, thousands of students still ‘missing’ from schools. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/return-person-learning-thousands-students-missing-schools/story?id=78051068 Tameka Porter is a managing consultant at McREL International. Susan Shebby is a former teacher and is now a managing evaluator at McREL.

This classroom resource guide highlights solutions for connecting home and school in order to improve student learning and success. Whether you’re a teacher, parent, or district administrator, this guide provides you with relevant and valuable tools and resources for how best to strengthen the bonds between schools, families, and communities for student learning... 61@4���k�^Z��� ������f$�,z�o��WU^IA��������y�>:�!��6ƙ�dc�sr^e2m6�x~e�N��uu�|> F������^�VHd��l߀�J���� O� ��梇�CC�Y`�ĚE0�0�7b6Y�*V�,k��}J"͛���ZQ�C�,�N������T/��?Rp���Ol�)[ڼI�.�Jw��~���6�x�W �;���� u�E *�R084P5�Ua�27({y�R��:�׹�ظOyFj� c��6dU�pѐހY꫟т֞�m���\G ��Wgs���&����) 6J �.=�Dr�)�9\�#� e��a<�^��>%��*�e���{@'���~% {<��%�o1�`�r�8� g�K��a���þ��ln��M���~��13����v�$.�fq��.��υ�K8��ϊ��_#��85ɷ8��=�u� U� P�X���+�չ�0�c�B�2���!&g�%Y��E��y^��()d�M��v�� ��T�r'�(�&[^�J�8h����# �#�P9�;�f��a��୺!#��� �a�S�dk��+�5}�b����v���hD�cA�j����]��]�]�@��U��E��H� v�|J�=�z)��$��a� v�3*�Ccf�rG����j�zN(��c�e�cf�!���E�a�D"�`�jXt[����aZ�G5�F:F���9c�&���@��J.�#���nW{W�%f�����ы�;ܤ�TVQ> ��ᣏ9�U���;�R�a�(w� n}X%l8�q|@J�M`x�6Rǁޚp�\�Un-;#�(L��$.T��})ҕS�6`��䏒�J(��23i� �!u����L+�F9,��!=�T6��=j�C�7ΔҰ�H?Z��y�=!h�����\��P���͇���獦���[�3ݙ ���O����m?M|Ɉ���~bA֭�0%r���-tһ��[S�*������0 � e���p���W�W��]���.��aYF%�t�fܼ�ꪹ���j�rDƍ:�_u ��E<�f�мP���@d����p�z�87�g�|5�u�����>������٠7�dd��]�C�ĸs&�LkB�ˀ{�v���c)�#w�%v�q���Dc�b��^r����ڡ�.������x[�tNޤ ��W�N/�a�okg���EL�E��Z�aߍ���rw��O�`��=>��Kk[C��و�-�ذ�ظ���z(�<��觍�����5�u���s��Gd±�Wt�&�����'X�(���Ej�3<��"�˹؏=�3�hq����T�|yu�Y�m �E��w���h�{���������ch�ڼ���#�r�]��K1�U?�.����.$-K� �VyA����Ĭ� l� �7}f<�2qlCή_~��*�*��d6W�... Q��\d< �?N�T�.�Z�:���T�� Glw�Ud.c�-=6+�H��uG�e> �[��0���qb� �Y��杙Zlo sd~�P��+0�z+q�7�����PR(�W��U�,�7��x��U�R0�;��|2G�VD-���P�&���(�x�<��}l����F*Ln�^3A�2G�ov�G��+Í�f�B1R�ϊ�$��|K��w?y��${��4���,&·35 ��q 6W���.�lf&Y�r��C�)F�eXt�=��m\o���PO��)�E FWPV�V�$ꪰ��W)���>��= �i�����4���=����B�v �k1�$�f��C勣uŠ�\�;�P���W�3`1 �s<�T0Rtd‰bI/k�������+E{�<���������5��_b����\�\{Q���n�� wzěѿ5X=����X�����U�_ aSa��Ev ��_lA�Z��‚rö��.KW9W�iu�{�z�=�Œ:v���y��3K���ַvƂt�o����W� 6���`��������G���[o�~�}i�@����� �7I�����vL���?���1Lc��)>��;�P�WK�9/���#��E�X���la{�J��a������ m;�c��\��裻�m����+%�?�%w�Y$��!�b� .�ѸH�Ni-/��%� =`)���]�%��g:h� @Ҥ1�te����M��Ҧ������n��+\&B^^w��r%�2I|�V(�!s���Ai�� C~�2�Z(] ����# �� -�˝g��g�M�q��ɮi3����9��63.#/]��畠P�L�@��&�t8��5 ��� ��5&!�6V��IV����½���S\ȝ��f���E�s�@���7F��Bϥ����Tuk���U#H������6��ˊ�928n>2�0 ��8������ �Yz�� � KJ��ګ����ִj��"��"����vh÷�梄\ή��S;�E^��[!�4��;^4|/1=���&2y��1�����Ͱ�<_jbh����_%gr�-F7O��G8 �vbC[A{K̫̫�_R�C���p��?7;�,��;\\l�M���8]'����[@d�h�Gi��� ]��J~LA�E�u�<��!�F�r��mC�;��m�7������ e��I�)xi�)��cs�N��c.K�˽U,F��f�9�Ġ�w�... i[�Q�#ٛd ���_%��g��0�5���CO���$���Ӕ��"����7�~�X�,��� SN��<�o5s��\XM� ��"͐}!�>�� �%������ट�aF"&�\�l����]�!,�b!���a���O(Ś;�>J6���3h8[]�$li���>�@��c0G�0��C���� �e�0v ������|v =\Xß�g=j��(���x��s�sO�������K��l�����ΨA����a��� s ߡ�s Ç`�a�ll-�m�U���W.aQ9�FARa�pM<)�H�\׵�W�Қ'��5�\v�8�z�#�@��&u ��]�>�V1�t]C�h�5�b`���_TS ���F#nP)�4�/�y|�{su:����J��%���|7 ���y��7X"uy����{K�8�C��F�`��;�~H7�qÝ4 h�%��>�~'�V�c؅��;�n���Q���G �R���0P��׎�f��ڨς}�����s]�|��U����S -������tN7�(��1��;S��<�Q $�tW�v'��;�6} b�ء�A"�?i1���R��dM��6���2��M�,�H�-p�$�i=��020h���J�+�H_1�Q =��9x��/��s�ԎŸ �Ƹ7u�X�5S=�+mq�AD�p4�tMf�Q�cs���.CN���i����+�`���=����֗p���VQ�P�����9. �ߖ9Hk �� �.�P�Z�&FƱ�@(!����p���0��բ�C ��]��gtG�qx�%�A�icJ7��;�qý����#�V�2��L���+��f�k�A$n��[�Ȱn�٢i����Ŋ%���r�,kZ�q�G��;���v��TA:�[$~#�Sی�����6%�� ��>�89Dh�F�<� ��s00ύ�Zu0v��=>�`� ��u�!���l�]O���iz@�e#0Ԁ=ǝ�b@� �] .������2�#�5�N���Q�(PɅ� �~��Cx�( �����`\�(� ~��Rh����m-��:��&'��9?F?�${����&������s���X`ӓ�HpYu�.gF�P�l��oa����N9���;e�7�� �p�W{���}��NXx �����7`��w��E� �}�f�8$�s\��I`M��LS�����_����LNl�p~QNkn�]jE� &�����Rc�l�c�7Tt�Q�[�׵r�Z/�����0�%.~�)��b36�s��}�ic�8� �]a�0vy{� ��Ќ�f�\���q�øW%�qhNw4��J�pE/��p���hW *@my(���P��lR��p��b)�a�`U��G�i�1pL��M�&&K/�^n/;�y��[z4v!���C��ƨ�-��?��B�.���� k�W�4�� �{��رN j���}W�"s�=�R'��ߕ#>Y����B��=��e<:d��HW�V����yRD��~3��Ժ�Zy[��Uq1����,sω���� �'�֙�D�\77�u��6 ��cɳV\|Ȧ�;Ap�[�������n��cx\��3� ��z���e�mH*i�d��Hh��J�β+J�i��{V8�F���Nh�V����ne�{u�G �t���RHSZ��o��)>:6�S���:f xkY#{ѣ��{0Yİ����[�����;cp����<�������٘3E#z)[��$�\���\4P�� dщ�t���PoO���f�V�M��Rc"hm�q��VR�����ᑻ��4�k�w��S� ���0PkCZv�$�%�"M��;!�hl���Ni_��5��k�Q����`.)|Z����rJ��QJiQ�ڡ+�r�YF8l����T8��e-�0;(݅!D��W��!���1���v��6����B��ް�+��|����5*hݮv��Pq�b6/R����@��ڼq��\��q�c���O���p���d�'��.�lj�� I #!���^�+Xz��ҧ��#)n�G��N-�p`�1�����{?1$��vҔ��'�����M�P�#"��5#x{�a��*���9Bѭ"������6�h���(�O���:!�� ��̛�d� (�\�јMҴ��i�/���O�s)h/�\�/h���h!Dp�f닥􄐻��S�]o�4�*����NL�K�\6\p�6'o���p���/+���V��r�2�}�}�R��T`�5�v^U^��I -L�*�m��.ڥ{�+e]�F��Gx&...

Q]�%|�+��\���C5*'b�ڣ�Pᢥ3�M�� W�9Ý~.-�q�,�z�3h�{U�:�{�6��>�z ;�44�����9�v���_�7��6�<����{#�A[��XX֋�E����f� \����%&�N&���F ��ܣy�Ga;�%���M Ɗ�<5�w/�\# �����baq�t4gEOخ~��v%�tĸ��^��*E�86�K�� r���.���Z���:ǁ(ðl���q�DNhL�Zx���m�/�*3C�ҩT�+����6��\�b6�I�Db9�_��n�wzψ��_ڕь��69�k � b��s[a �|��k��gS�!$.����i"���i�3�|C�1�z`�M��'�Wu�&�;Eͯ-z�puh�8i�R�8)?�[���+�`�:e+����X~;��*�& 0ƞ)U&�M*J]����xWP��;��h�^:�WH+�ey�~&}r�:�A�U�IJ��oĨde6h� �Em�c����� ��E8;���*8�l�h���uΧ�y��x+2:�Ҹ�mP�Q<�LxXYù�^��\I��a�^y p��J#�E�5�����̷\���)!i�3�<3q�k�eg}{���0�����1��'�@7!y� ޗ� �f᫒p �߂ �T�ip���Z줡��wq]��]4إ�����. �n��!�����1L]Z�k#���*�i$�M;/a�|8�����-��47-ctm\$���_�n�e~�q� �C�k*B|��>_�7�O���� �F��xF}J�0���ѨkX��]�W���5��tW��#���:� � v/l��xs��u����V[���Q:�B��6���k������yޠ�Q�`. IҀ�j���9�Ӆ3Lږ`/�Y�Er=���c��ۼ!��=�#X��2��[ ��`1(x=v8&�=m;p� �+�� !�_틾h��Þ5 k�n�� ���v�����q#��{��+�]��J�XQ�.]�Vg���ĥ9�s����q��p� x63_L���W$��3��� �w��$�?��b���zJͅ��4��{m��wg��I'~~ t�!|B��r�����҂��0�W�LN��e*�͕�D0QG���G�� H+_�\Ɇ$l�����p��S�C� �v*|F,F�K��-���\�x�g��=�8�qD�ː'䤏�\9pcÛ����pc����it�Ew��p")nx�`��鲻���B~�vI�Bb��8� ������Ťc��Ѻ&8;�е�7�{����du�k[@*���;��R��$��p/��\�e��y ,���� @�� >�@�jt�h�e�C��W���`U�̡hA=e˞�ᆦ �;$~!E�����M���Z#�����_b�dnW޹��R��.oDZ& �#�>Bl/`�M;��� Ϊ ����x��V���5�"x�s�B��G�=�ĜE�G܀�;�v�_�=tx{�6U����_@r��Vp��Y�`��=p6� ���E�`��|N l֮ �Q�-R�.�[�]7��p��Z�������#pn&��։������o�2��( ��ê䯷^+87e4�F�38� ���-��#�UfG �#�!wZ��՜4��B�+�W���g7ݝ�j� ��`�j�'�Bp�8��9f�� �i�F٨*��C�]_� 3���.�R��Hhе���B�\��٬���;h�p�%��ؤ��."��/����Ӌ��*'N�s+�K�+�UqB9�=�!x�"qm,-oކ��s��+�� �؞/���i�����N�k/�B�4�v��REٽOi�臷�o������er��ɢ��(�?�R;ԯ��^�I�*�R���*L�77���� @ఓ�y+�+��PO���<� |+��3� ��WqogHZvh'� �������oc[�/���13�۔+P� sN`Q4���#�~£0H^K�57��h�����[�ŏ������{O�:��f��ĩ��... ���E��b�x��T����y�ߙ�~������tƚ�;u���+��5�~��&a8��4�G{���-�b� ]Y�p�#? ����:�߹j<�G�`0ӿ ���W�kV���6�;.�7I+���u���*ĝ!�^�z�&%�0Q.��m-����� ���k��fw�or�=#��?r;?:��f�V����Uq���-�;�vFG��������Z4{r4������;gk�KFh�'k�+�4;�K�Kt�{�)�ޚ7F�s5�^�g,�;��=fI Հ�F�_;K�r��L�1��o�"�+2��,V><9�K���JY�`���?t���v�F��b>�e�y�.لy�/���t`�hy��C���W����Xc�~�Z+��]54�>!0A}J<&ak��>�)���ґ�.�4���1�1]�=n��1�(4��8�Q�V6��ܣ� �X�8�4K�r���;;�2t-�F�5P�$O���e�Z�\�7�2��?�O -���-��: �=B5$�����W�}*�N6l��X��Ώ�Hl���� *�4J�U#T�/�v�i��Z�c��&l�kF�.���-k�c�o ٠���b�������f��i&�Ԯ%³Y�������9d�8�Z�~ �D���ڵ}��_I#X �h��o�v�@^�Z.��A��|F�%�}q��[�ꔯ��?4s��X�t���Z\6x��k��7�y�]�r��4�����y�g�ҵ�(�����KI��#�~"X�[�t+��{��(�&�$V�Θy �W $���� 5D�?{�aE1L38XK|dtN���3)R3��W���o���!K�������B]��)h ��r�������������L�Sl{6(?������IZ���7`��4G0��V�sd=���-��j����ʡ��5����� J�َ�Q��"msJMi�M_����ܭ��6\��Э�;�٘�.�4��/�t\���Y�v��G��%�!���ä���5��n��?���4�b7���ޟ�p��ԫGŢ��r�b�y�X|S�X33�F�Lc���"�I>�H��<�l�����)��6�(b�H|T+¼R� �45�bt,sJ�+�T��*�Պ�]FuD��5���h�YaSr�\9�r�8��1��5��&�:lf�/���)C.r��� ���%����ZP�C��!��יԨ�^��h/Z��s!'u�^���u�WW�v�Wn����j��� ᱀so���p�wq'Ҁ� ."X %��;�iW���G�z������׏C���fW���:�l�!��_���׋�WK���ҽ��v�\H�J��E��xF��-yK�$/� �#�={�k*@;����G�w��%l"vu��>�66��y ؈����7�H��˩��vq�&�j�Ekڧ8����⦏�_��^�nU٘}j7�MՅ{M�e�By�Nr���(cJvҘ3&��m/U��k`9r\K��G� `�dfg����ZО\DLqc��ƒӸ�u�㢠�vX�bt��Hs�V�����ۣl�-p��&��73�|c��h�� ��,-�2���J�NC�a��i��i����dC}~V�lj�F+(܂�����S6gb�EX#Z��<�BO�`����h�{A���9�@�5Y������B�����XO㯁��4饴 yR��¾��n-��s�>���nE���Nc^4Vp)]��y �+� A]����Z.�3=ĭ� ��A�6W�E�nW%��Aq(��/X����܉4�x�1�:� G�Z�6 �ׅ��6� F1�ۢ��oL�� #��*��M���=�=ɣ �l�c���... CW������~��~h�����נ���L ^��/D��(%X�N�T���a��J���a�T �rJ���G��k����\���0{&�|�� 4�!8W�Vl�lz#�Lp�_2^'@��0�Wa����s?�}.��,ni��{�;'�����)���j[�7)��/잺�}k���}��2L�)��ɨ�54��Ex>?�� �fy�M��Z9���\I�p�"�,�3+��G &�u �����Wج�H�q�r4����(٩���"W5ѳX����$�y5U������.�7MUg��]AMj�PVh�����߭;��4Lo�יw�P�����W�G�MID����hnfa�ѓ����1�A�1�������?j� Z�:�7��~V�Y)���o;���`��!��Y����)Y�h��+�F��hJ�9�^��a����Q�G��M<7����3���� �{�[E.�U��x��[�e-�>>���M��?% iվ%�����;�l#��v&Vd*<��#�V0�0�HD�;K=�/��Cu�^�{��#ain��6�'.��5�Ϸ���@&� ��y.�Y#�.�*F�Wp') �,� �5�ψQ����^ԯ�N �3�ɍ 2R˽�5�n�Ҡt�pe%r �KBm�W��N��y��/�8r�y,��8�˻�lh*|c�䫉nG��� ����|e��*�UEg5Eb�PI�y�Q��*pWGP�-_6 悶�#��U���s;�vNRkk^7�J��#H�]�.[�xd)ᬫ�s^ 9Z s\��0���T�>��M���ņڎW��Fjo�7��$� ��ܵ^����T� �W] xop� �|���*�wI��F���r[mi�Ѷ�ڣ�pͩ����J ��.C,�/��g+8�@h���W�x�_j�B�<9}�/7^z���$&Od͉�{~E7� |c�}H��e�����O��qА��B<��tc�e�gX#�`X=g�ȉԊ�d �ɒ�Ì�o�L��g6_�]�C��(���s!�����/q��`�H���i˯�͸�x�qO<��#é�]b��Nz�+��C��nK�T��_�Nz��� �����:C�c�:0o��+����vvBq>��0.�_d�ԛ�K|_یN0a�0w?��$��q.%��I6J��k�xc��U�(���z�J�nw���-kd%�^���(�ę���۽��䌰^�G�������~�{-߼lj5=Q�T'p%��N��(���������� �i�ѿ�V�5'm΄��֪��# '>B��nY����,`�����^cx�7N�� ``��Ǩ^=�*�U�B��$��S��I3UC�� է�b(��]��B��uc$o��E_?�+�k�U���#0��"B�n��F��Mk��ˠ_a[z�M��U' � ����*H�{����b��C�����I�AV!4U�I�7�R���tr�p�@��2�ͮ�;�qS�l%uy�Bi�U��k�֧�����Xw�Jv`�5y�+r����kM!�Z�D�9��qXm֫C)�PDx~6�Kޏ�싾8�����a$8~�������4��tL��]��ժ8�o*���o4M�z(���\��iʻ��9�E��:��Ǥr���wR�b����n���WQ�/�0�ޥ�0�裣Q�jN����(�\=�<���...

�8wօ,D:��T�(��a��� D,����2����ھ|��Tp���h�~�F��#p���LtF�\[���N""i�Sx/ne�x��� ��t�ʯT��ݚ"���X�|���[»(*�,Ey�W�|W�Y�i]� ���\��ڮI4Uy�!�UW�_D����.X�jXe�B���y����`q�^��4+�fq�]W�rW R�6����RF��(�ܣԍ���b�cZ].�}����LJ.��i�sTgnW6�����.]&U��Q�a�� +�Q� r�P��WU��_n� �錮 �3�z�>׵�L���C�8�#��Q�Q~#�_�Š������6��d��L~uw���w����OtM�\�]d�`^ψ s�� �\Z�I����법��a��}2�wwF �H�Q�V���x�6+�Y��0 .6u�jK��#�p<�����>7��!��6Q�I�R�v*K�܀ 7�y���� ����|��=���:�_�S���e�]K�y���U���BOrk�Q�6Sa�0:���E�"dnfb3 ?0hv=�:_y���Q|\������X�vɢ�� ��t~�A��O��3����8sn?2�D���h�n��kaub�F�!E�9M"�g��k�P�u�=f܅b�9I�:�ئ�w�����c���������.��$���Y7���2���pw1���ͽ�<µ3Z��؅`�چI �w,+4^��J�<�$Z�k�r4*a+aa{�h�ڢ� �Q<�~���W%+ƶ���35�{��]�(����U��4T%�;���,īln�� 9H�_q 8��M�4�<��_�~i!�j�_�Q� �L�6U�L�W�A��T:LA&�и8�S��~>) �� �_����C��.I�$G�, �%{:D? �e��aQ������CL���QxH�|��(���V�4�Kܬq�A1C3ϊ�!S�� r~樖/��ԽI �U����y�3jI&k�4��4���T���#�`x/��襍�/��6��E�\@�L�(j���j788�\2��[{�9��ג����4/��w`3�I� b|a��q��*�## v��QG�%�o�"��5�Y�h�ĸ��5����ˈ&�1%��Ϡ�eE&�:�RŁ ��H��SW,��j9$�� �y޽{��$�����˗T{�Sdm7���%�Q��b�My�͙����'�P��1т:�ޏ���M� ��_R�E�[@:��;��d2I�P��oK���’\^��s@����X�qh�̩(�c@ �_c�9�@���`���pl"v���$~� ̐����C�$�.s�I$�I:�Pt�+���/Go��~�%t�ׁ����.\l��(ݩU����k�^R� Α�+��ef^�7!_d+�p�x.�xi��0�k�1�>��0X������c)�,�+_MP�N£��iPwC����p#j��j���m�+Fn› >SE �FZZW�B��D0��O��;P�r:�,ܕn*��B�3 �ύ��� �$�X��>*��K��{���f�٠�Q�N���4;v���' �+�,�?;����2al ��3s��A�# U�uڬ�z/Z/u�Z���t��O�?�o*����E�`lYF�  �������-�p?R�!���Y]��wq�膋'@�G��K���k�D����p�'x�F��S��M�Q�E�l��5W^h\��Z���9�E�7��H \j�Q.9��`'t�Ir���)�q��U��/v(���_�/�Ҧ�=���3�]Gj)���>L�����ܼ��]�L�^�.Ml~��0��mE&��_ `���A�׸e>[�+�^�h��YSD�]0U���p.��}��K��;.Y�;���]h�J�^��浥�ݔܮcm�~F�2�j��Ø��������E^�2F Ȯc��@a�G���7��)���m&������e�!V�����J,8Ԫ�q�1.�T���R���^l��z{�4+��ҍ��n��5����@�A����Дh�3��3�mj=�����t�ym`����b3�(ii�#�ñ��a �R眡��X�h>�A�;*(h21�5r� |@6E뢿Aā��m.�|@t��n|�U݄|�2�$��$> w�SG�e�eu����D."�t<�Y�+�m�6��3M�&��v�'Hٮ��ȅ���甼�J����ԛ.��_/jׅ��^�R��2��6TЊWDv-�n;���27 {�V��_��M�K��O�}����Y<�k��R�9C�R��Ù�Ta�,ð�E��� �ډ��� +k��喹����~Q�y� ���(Pk}T�\��| v������$��T o�ܕ���^���m|H;/�E#ZN�`(P�+��ˎ]/j�*<��[/F�Fʰy ��ŀ�!�Xi�Ra�荐�� ���j��5�܎��kbÎ�\?W�C�P:\�+��y���_���4�������u�... �%gy����]�T����aq� ֏#����#�4� ��(��үb�~"��Q^� Ճ�E�NJ��-F�5p�D��t k36�I�'�����I�9Ԇ���(���J>K���H;��ך�k~'�I����b�,4a��t���H��v���_Pn��]��71�Ykr��\�fѻ/o.����ྫྷ��&Sܺ�:�_kE� �\��'g�W �=��A�@v'����x���sp��i"�*Q��5��ܥ��[M����߲���R�[�a� ��5Vh�U�M<1�s�2u�ui޶���-�0�%a;H�#�r1'u+e��꼕�i���Wp#�y���r�S9���5r#���$x�7Vd�U�`�t�[h*2N`��I��>��t .���n�����feW'm��7Z�DhZ�Go�Id��b�ΚQP����!�� 0��$����w�� �_�� �\9�s�� Z�ӗ���c��޾�[�h^�L��2A���C��(�)����Xl]��d�w.[8w�>jF�C��*Ru����8�x�dc�k����$y�0����zqXfE�p�v���n��Q�$�,j �sR���0WD (���p�y /'UӢ �H#��>��⊙��ƀ���,��4v/�3�_�x�W������e��M�ǑͰR?�K��v<����e寊釚����Q�5��k�����1��} �o%ܻ�5> � <���:�n�WAԦ��J����O?�?b����6��u.�B���(Z�DX;�3�1I&�cq� &��W8��"�,,�ץ#��Fa����+akyy�Dc�����g'.�Y�Xv"��J�a>������9��8��BE��!rH\��y��G�<� ��h� /Q��1~e��r�k}�b�(��Q�j�(�_}��dD�J)��_0.�Q�K�^��_�m{�rXB�Y] ��Y��q<�P9���rE/ ]Fu�h4=�E@h�i|�͑�c��+F}ׄ�r��}�t��E��o��;�V��E~%z龐�ԯ�'c��~���9�!Ì���7�S�@�� 4|UIt`�Ϋ�57jU\l���B��9��U��9��f2�K� ���]��\�n�Aּ �j��޾,�\��Y� w�A���S��$]1�j����0�lF�l����3���__�buqoPkB-0���hx��� ��|ѿ�'����9P��A���b�؊ �r:o|ʙ�kEM?�t�f���C\��)\�C[zw۲�Gj�{9.ѻr�,���|F $�8�HI.5-��Z�g��Hsu���0�S�b��Q�]J��rn�ƶ�]�ھ&��W�X�O �z+O�ϚEQ�\�Kк ��FL-*�����|l�{���ۍ^�X�B�7���m�+A��1Ɓ�I�y����!H{������G�e�Wb�)... �Y�> (�p�a���*�{;������~J���`�ǽ��:_a�ף����7�? ���;Xs|7U��Q{�H�f�izm��S��C�[wZ��>v�a�hksjMk@y)2^������o�iVyvغcX�m{X��񁣻�?b ���~3 ���-ud�+�e�S���D�&'0�'V� �$����2\�j�8����;����pݬ\t��[�~�˥c��9ū�G�WoŲR ׈]45���'�K�� ����.���+��hپ����aK�+�@�|*�H��0��b��l<��,��ӱ|7�� a�gcpG#s��\2�݄V� >�y����� �7 �5��`ys*ǂ9�65V�mr#-ةY! vH����Ҿ� �XUC]��@�Z{N��2�@t����|�Iv�K�>\K�&9��i(�����o̢e1o����y��D��K�:I��MZ!���<>����������c�#+�W{E�o�8�4�j'{O���^A�C�j�atF��G^�P�)�p�,%�� �T<��������_57�'���`���߱(b�/�<�G8�:��Z�s����a��Nj69� $"�L[�ho�ڬ������ ����ѫ�|�^� ٷ�W`�hw/W������*�6��( �,T8 K�S62�4�!x�b�Y�Ώ��o�T�v:K2�;�B�b0r�ݖV9���M�* �~vV��A�J�����R�y��#�WY4�^�0��{��/X3/}��n��B�MJ�=R�g�q{�K���j���D�k�\��e�/����J\GZ�E�j�a��kMk�j�H�f��̪�m��%��2��/���Z��̮ �n�\�2n �B8�����CUL�-|Ŷ��v�k���y\8�%��r��}�0{3�]�/=W�� ��Q�"A��`��|�v�� ���9�3hUc{�{]ϋ',m�ځv�;� #$:0o3[�𚦎WcE�� �Gz+��-��?�j��w;�WM����Р-2��&�{b�á���z�Z gK��]��$kثb�dd�P�=��W5�=��)]f}Ș�ڂ}J��v��p]k�W���W�W�W�W�W�W�W�Hw�n)���Ln�?g���gpXp�|�y��*�b��6_�M� .9�ZI ��h>��Ѻ1�:��dhhs���8��.Z'p ���:i་,'}?NJ�ٴ$_��4�v�� �qQ<چ�;HO�1đ�ч���7&W�;� ������q(�]��#pw��X�7���m�>,��v��#�y�8Gf^`��|Jx�t�D�(Nh����^�̱t�$v!ڵ�4�#�J�B�<atJq�S� ��\zъ�o#�#�B�ր֎@P�K��Y�Rb���I ݾ%���v􅤁�U�8�oHd�+�U2]��*��;�٭��;{��S&�4<��fd������u��������}M�/f����;\��0� �l� ����49몫��y�=�Jd�Dt����޳<^x����4��wv����,RaC5�V�8<��2ם�w'��!�i�"���ceƐqN-kt i����4a����h�؂o�^o ���8q�4ӷ��E;+�|��ք5� <к�6v�c�y\À�d���n�� �� ���h���6)q���4YU\��w� ־���Z�!���ϺuK�}��l��%xE:��ȕm�7�rtJ� ���zxm��״ �7����F��p6��5�֙�pw� ���͇%ҷ^U��U�$�\�b��̗����*R$/�^��r�'��-vB��rQ��H��W�9��Q�c#�tO�N�����)...

�EZi���vؑ��.Ҭ�C�]΁# ���|�l��']{;�`.��6u�����m4l�����n^����G<�b���pդX�I\s�7��� ɍ��$��H��<�G�9ZX�h��P#E��P��� �Y�S��څ3�_> ���0� ����Wl�(? 6u\c (<��Qy0���DV��}��K��vB)�`�5��/h;����)z�xx�P�{(��}��]�M��jLٗMԮ�5]�c5q �+�#lv�j6�~h#&ܓd�%N�^C^ �.�)>�\�<�~:C��N{G�m����nо#ñ�����^�� �-h?� �p c��t�a}�� �3`�>F��@�?:7�ƾ8�[�?�q��r �8tR��[]^#���\��88�֞v�c����ʼ9h� �B���䰎�3� �a���K�э�~������ep.!���@�rD��S�6#���p��<����V݇��s���ɥ�S���Ro��gϓSۨ�W���1@ܦG����- �U$ycso��RK#�g��R�aùQ�9.]� <¯. � � xT�Ѻ���İ�t�h]=�����F;���±���XU�19\�� ������?�\K\@��O��K�u�z��[�������R0��|B����y48w8_�Q(8�qmx#���*�8�����x��V��l~��ڔcc<ʕ���W�h<����>+������$�2G1�ar�S��5��wP�U��� m8v�k���*\k ��_-�L`tN,;4u�%n'��t�b�\X�I�c΂bx���Ӻ��rUD�a���\5 �(1MsZ�F��+�o����d���{�<&\W ��F��u�yOqL��8�|��k��K�a#5����]2�qn�a ��5�\7�Ce� $�휹�y�/W���I �&{�v�H!�������N0?�����!2I8²�E�Y�˖�=Һq�bŖ��M�O�QO�tm�A��o%B\\0ݽ���Y8�����pU�/��G����J&�G-��� �v&7+M�@ O�]a���w[V7��ޜ���CyG[^��������M�����r��V�kM@�%|韈���J��Փ�&ʕ�F�j��Dbs j)f�B`1A�f�$bnqQ�b5�P�a�����=�K�c$jXvs �M�r�� ,��> ���B�&>�����'����׋�_R��������W~k�i{v�̾��ν^�]t�� �6{?��;�,�]c��W��(����U����tU3���dn�o��A ��QGOy6asZN�K=��"xQ�1g=���C�ϙ�ԖV�� ha�f�B����s��'�`�f�c��E p�Κi��؎k��B_2;{�{���h�r'��o%&|�ZP�?�>��k��+��Y]�~C���Oy]�[�����q4=N��h3Hc��OvP|���>��1�a�l�;1��$�Ǹ�b��"���QC�s cS��L8��h��FD����#P�s,U*�d$E|,���/ubQ���|3�Ŀ�`&�l�d�i� ��.+�֖<|�cI��۸��� 3���FZ<�@���t>j�M/x�TS��A��؂���AL������ھk��$�tN�o�O%#z<>�w5+#}������5J `� ۭI;�̌0!`�+����`#sCƎ���V\�+��d�a�84QE�w��D�a]O+�)�5sSb0�PlR���9�Y!&���NУ���B��l*�#��;ײ6�P;� �$(�{I�j�����GZ4 ��q�v/]&]�wⲔ7�q#�jv�ţ��y� hv�"Xy��49��6�lcp�,k��j#]������<.�(�� $��:-by�Os��k�ȣ���_0�c�iS��҇֯`���ߧ��i��4����I1Odoֱ�$(eq���&����^�.Aԑ��-��w�x@!��h�4|fX���j��]���j��h�GqR����>*fqw �O��<|Z3�}*v㡐o^(|�h���l �J�\.����T��bx�td<5����Ѭ�m������n!�uu�����g�{C���͑�f�~��7���g�a�Ov�uZQ0H�m#�s$nԤ����A�L[�S�p�O����:8T�79������"�8�n���<��`������ * �?��CG<�Ӯ��)p��bZ��a�m9깇,R����^�{���... 8�ξ�o�ع��(��;^��%lo�;���k[�U�w�nE�~�O��07��.�?>��7�> �#l}�uv�}��Q;%�-�t,m`����r�YM��|��s������h׊`��3��>�c�yn|���q�؄��uw�� X�!��+�y�� ~"c��+]쏤���_w�N%̂,�9�>yex�-�\c���l�]����n(��A�' Ϯ�����I���H�{\k�h���(�_L��B���?�p��n�} ��bb�#{j��k�h�9��W�������?R�8�g��j�E���� ��B��`0��f����)_���-t�*VHT�wү�BW7�w!�nRGb��_ ���H ��+н�}��y��I]�>��h � ��⸌�y�èF�>�tc.&'x��~��a��cw�=Q�%���oF�\��U ~H�H�A� mRaq����KZ$}X*�7+��3��IWZ��O2ַ׮��˿`��u���t�����n���^��Τi��v��(݈�>�!�J����3�9F��OpKӾ��� F�ә6W�zE�#�Ud�ĸ��|vcD��b��\t�����z�� �_�x��eh�<�3�÷(5��4�u�{�ǽ��q����V�_��8�����fo=";B�K�)t�9k�6ff;(�obqo���1f�A������]�������o�e��4n��e��v��.�&&rCE�����T�T�0x:���/MDr�?$��Y���y"�uE)�PѦ�{�s��)q��m7W�]a!vfq�u$�Oj���d�a�Wp�)^K�ˎ�C�a�C)�#���\}֗x�L�\`�тULc�ȈaMGJ�%��j9z��w�/[-u��.�6�-��nWy����W��7Z^�T���˭����;#�$|�É����\Ǎ�Cm4> �W0�$Z�n:' �a�u�Hƒ#��w�`Gb�?�A�!߲{���#����Z4_��K��Z��t�;��;�5c�>��xY=������ɓ 3[�Ѹ}T��Ƴ���*�X�wE�vXh?������~-������h~�;�*k�#��}���ݎ�Ǣ��{�KZv4Nk�4^��s ���|Z�a^��ם�E��C���G֡��x�(�����=�OM��1!�����}m!@�q �e �-�m[0ce�K�cQLg�H*8��4����ڥ��Ѿ�"��>����o։?�j�c�����!�M'�U�{0ƀ#��� U�8& Y!i=�S�U��i�J�7]����|�5�s�']�~3�`8�� acy<�@>���_�{��m���]z9�'������4�E})��ia��g��Se�g<~4dH=���0?rY���8x�Ep|v"h�,����Dd���<�_|�L{�k�{�����xr������]��-�NѨ�.������4^�Y���j�(&Ɵ�,q���Y&���SEZ ��.DA�����Dѻ�ۍ���G5K�ć36 \���C�r�I�Ff�ó��r�;�$��z�]cG[~v `�:;�4���a\���a���a�#M[��݋�u�T3��y�~�� �66@�ǷEj>���{� ���r �{�����������@��j{�^�����c��y�:������+?�>�~��L�p������h9@���prcp8�<���, ��Z:��h8lQ�M6E#�eY�� �bQ0 �N @���(��9W����,�0Qt�2�{x+X��4�*�wj�D�6W��i��M�Ui�e*R�̑��,�\�;��ZO�%z8V0j�$#����? �:��1_5|{3��^V�������,`=g�<����=�{^f�ɥXo���$y�ZSGֽ����xf���8/v&�?5#p����)_d]h��]k�^]�I=��#�x�/z�0w��;���{�q�E����B���^"+ $��A>��؟`�lד�������U&�����&-�o�H P��qќ�A]����u����U}S�t������]�u�^�nh���k��7: ��]}�;}���4��]i^=���݊�6�_O����A����0a����A�x��b םy. a�� �u���/�|��C�/i�x����ԝ+���ô/��d�3 ]m��И��j�6*G4�u�ay}S� ��:ɶR��F�� �V�^�c�P��wI@�`pp��]� ���tF����[�H���ñ?J��'kE��VWʻ�l}#ݰ �]�pδg�/�VA��/E���0X����o���P��gj�L����+��Zt;�T���u�>�����b����R��ֶ呍�9��C&?���ۣB�?�����{M��iT��|I����$3ş!%�'̪��4�O/�� ��|��o8����w���j ��B��.x�S��U���\��-�[�|�U��J'NJ��J�W+��Я�v�.���%�/�¾�\�� ֹ�B��Ev����8���R�3[��G,e��/0�R��B�+���"���<�u�ܛ8W�m�Ԏ�e�O'Z#����n���>'�Q|9�/�J��ĸ0����h�݌3c1p���n�vH����Vl�;�0��x˕ʿ� G4:ς�ҹ��+MӶ�ҿ����MvM�x:1@n���ܠ4�ďA��MTxLqv����W��kވ7��R϶<�S ��X-�n@�,��,%�Qe�^�3��c�#�D�ߴN��\&3(�H\o�{Φ�Cb�_�=�ľn�{h�&Q{X Y��x���+�$�N�V���M����\{���'��D0bΈ��/�T�?����ѱzd����r%i�B���"S#�T���Wqϩ ��;�� �+��5����O�V��������3-S��mh:�9�C�j��3����%���u�h4m�(^���<�в�c���cee4wA�̯�� �^���}k��%��K\V_μ��W�^K읚.�ycu��ܼ�U�5�{�%���^k�uw^f\y W�y�k�^�6�ð�UY�&_u���N��Q���Ͻ�K�a^ep�Q�_X ��)�Yl�X�ӱzd���%�;-Ǣ�ы޾-?b����̼��(�ΔŠ�P�Ͻ齃�����r8^������(� ��U��V� J���6 �BZ��M��;�I�`pkk�}��[ r��V�����=�)>|;�'�������8� �/�%|��ۣ��4|��;���3����+��� V���t2�[u}���X,C�h$|>4��mq�������#��s벀��o�ab4���۾j9x���St�+��8�������h|���\��Ę�d��NN0�j��RG�|T����>Z(���ͯ){���k�B0 /N����@- �м\��/�yK�쫇�E�+����R WbA�w`�W.�k�s_dh^� 侧�߼mz X|\��]i_���5�5���*9Fw�܋�[�V�N�cƑx��~a��e�w 9�Xo�.��J O��i=�_4K �1��4y���{���n�����H�w�M��3X�k]4������!���k�\�gm^�Ua�}�F[�{�8w�4��� #Zn�FF�� f6P�lm}��R��c�ޠ�Q�<��<... ���W�4+�F:�:|vQ>�Qޣ�}W�g��/@��E���A��\����Խ^�����@�U2�<��/A^կ���u��J^��� ]_r�8ށs#�j�7Y�r�ZOxډ��@X� *9��09�s�z^�^��ּs�e�%���WpHbx)�����k���9�n.�<��R�� R]�\>Hd|��=`6�*� Ƶ�gtj E�A����n�R�r�t�����Zw#ކa0��+K�ci� ��CKFm��_� cm��dw�E�S0Ū���R�H�ZZ�-��0|U��D��9��AskQwwa23,b�Gp����õ^K�WB��x�_/��|W��_/B��+�_{������z.s�����#Hp�W����^�W������J�-/���/���짴/�3����+�G5���\��.s/-t]��BJ�7�}&"8��`�����W��8ta2�� ?tP�O��,B {�w��٠�ng9��w�s�V��ּ��(9W̮ �{~K�H��*،bH��y־� �{%���;�l ��/������a�}W0Ⅲ�|{�Sݿ�[�{����0fG�װjWϜ�(k q�4�\���@�w��W��٧�mJ0�\������I�@�U�Gb�$}�Π�2R��.

�$���r]� �H"kTx�\81�Y��D��#�(�L|��FV����B�W��ZyF:ߺ:�!��Ǜ4�����~+����E��@�~-�R�_{�MW&F�u�+��k��x$'�.�h��z]x�`9�^��� � �\�n+�K�1[�к ^�U�L�/z7 ���qmmfi�]��2�ȭ�^�a�a=� Nc�k�z�3��n��}�v#��d�H���x��G5�r��N{w�@���Af��|�f�׹�;�`�������@��:)\�.�$z��SacA^��U�������ԯa.��7�#�?@y)�M�· (s��O�'� ݩC�����i�j���#p��ӱ��qsk�w��w�`���lԏhK��y0ٶ��;�9di"��W' #X�G��P�r���wj<��.C�}��V��/z7�@�9o��b;~��qk�#�ء|k�>�U�K�U��/s�]5��ð�ڶ�=�Q�h�;C��萴Q;�v���om�� �{OWQ�;�/��A���8��|� �WW���Q;�(�s��'�`��9��G4mh�ځx�/A��M�����M �H]_r��. '��L~I=�[��%G��R#mPJ�iR�j��_�)�4�J�>����G캪q�����h�?R������š>6�G�p�}���K��L�zz �J��['���n �.�p����3�;(18"E�Z�n��?Ƥ��#-�� htL��l0�@ֆ�5��3h|X��J:K�aoZ�����pKc�Gb��{@pҖ�YE�v'v�p�/\�^<5��T� 0K��޹y%G��_���˵^�J��͹_�4 �o�z����(�fq����{MU����pEu��nW�"����3L���@a{38<�wb�)%���jO��Ӓ�M����Wv{WA�pv]2ޤߚ�#"/H��%�AY������J�BJ�Aں��G.. ?�#Gu�J�'��OF3�������8�+��#{#�U0�4��i6}J���W~ 8�m��=��%pz����. � ��TN� ���L��苷]�� ޑ�\�H\��������]���5U{���Η�iy�q3� K�h �\?qihs��:s�&�p�:�i��*`hoR�ց����/L��v�Z�LLQ��� ��C���s{��� �N��"�b� ����[�8����ox]��pic� ��H���W�?�#�Rj�t=������� X:�-���^�`� �UT�#�{t�Q=�6�AU�a�6o��@��n�n ��*n7�t���{���܅��/�n�t5�.^�ۅN\��hݮ[�����ڽ1E�Ն�r��i�Ն�7�\t��$h�G/�!��B�s���R�������H}׀Ga\��ua��v\;���\���Y������3�c ʱ�|���?.���r��� �_6V�/_�-�/����tR� �6�Gj�K�]X�z��! �+�k���xiz\Or��v��I���ޡ���5���I�W���|�X�4R��a�5s��> �x<;=ț�z��������9��_�������>�������%�a��]Z_����׽+N�^��i����΅x�+�Z؍�B�^ H˛O�)0[�Mo|�����t!:pi!�O����SIx#06 �[��K��R�7b时�+�_����¾^�_��x]ؼԎexc'M�~�$���}|�'E�j��gu�}@^�WUk��W��$��@n��-tȜu^Ʌ��6��܍�R@"`�*�Ogj�#���,_i:.�����1#��͌�v]�����,�T�gļ�7_�ʓ��{�Ȁ�6~n'�b1�y��T�@��(�c���y�W�Wt�y����;_(h>�����p�����1t#u�p �����x(��ت�M�ߪ��ַj�k��.�5'���2ƌ�^b���U�6��dP�l�8�K�kt�^?��äe�N� �qɁ̷0��c�L[62[D§��-½�:��%w��$'l��a&a�+�F��\3[!�`�}�Z�8�Hx���� ���֧�ET �7`:x�O� !�s����� )�渒~ �F���֪�C���ӗ5����_�p��a΅٬iu� w��,s��(��U�3#@J��qIx~2>��tz��Ӫ����I3�'�|�)���;Zh���C��:�r�hB�.{�4{� �H}����ɇ(מ�B������Ȩ�GB2�;��]�Y�l. o�V��ԅ�=�5��5]Seh�]�����7y�>?���zd��QG���ͨ)�v]T�4�уq ���kÛY�I�9�����k���� ���B���V�����s0�� ��/�I��p+�^�+� _R�Ê�ۯ`4H�Rڹ�xp�3ƚ�g��2G���f���|����hѫ��w!Zx/�s^����>+��7�\�Fr ��ǖ��n׽WU�F����^7�}��L[��(�W<鯖��Yԃ�/$��=�9Z- �$�$&�1��&~����t���7�����1�΀�&��l�ak��â�u��z���/)|��� �CE�m�i�^�^�O��4�@+�ז���9W���Eоk��q'@��~���y.��|��v#%{�j@�6 �˞��B�1韘��<>�k� 3�$*��ha�mǻ�Cq� ��;�Wn/�ӛ�h�.� w5鍮U�³z\74b�_��H׊{k�.�1��9Ov�V��6Fj�͕�h��>�u�5��a?X^;3�=v>ax\ӽ�B�X��#C�y/���`��S�) kF����^ +B���څc ��:7�g��=˖h.���T4K����z�:.�i��nʇ���9�>*�^/B���V��WAԽ ���z����r�;#�N �¦H ؚ)��^�̽�ԯI`د�J������K�������������عy�K�(|�FH������ր������V��̥�ü�H ��hܒ�,k=и �Zp�X�2|��a��G��Ӈ�M<7�ǎhӹ��x7���Շq{w��&�S���T}w�1���!Q�4��WÎ���y)�����=�F��]�=�TO�s*b)B�A"�.��*9��'J/E�q乧�u�b�� W���Z���<�H�(�mtcchV�s�bq�h������i֫E0���a����<#��4xڳ�����ٰWY���ch��q$�+u�X��4�s�j �B\ke�(/d6M]��Vq�x����b���Ʌx{ �0mؙX(7��E/��b��m�9C{>�'�b#x�G�_����;��S'Ja�h�Z�֊� +q,Ơj�����1��vw��3>��~Ŵ<�`�a�pC��V0�Y�n�Ih[�pXz|[A�H���p�b�#C27JГھ��q,8�sC��K�kX���u>�N^EQ�x��@�,%��0b-��ݛ���s�q|4Ա��f��P�d�)X�g}{F���0�goc�����`����ߕ��*Ӱ�����O֣�r�������N�rB� ��^�G4�����m��T.�:?p��%�o*��� *��z.rvM���U��R�B�Ԩ�nJ'B�.(�;e.nW/�օcz, �C�Tq0�I����*�pX|%�s�*��n��m���0��]˾�/� ��w6��^����D�4\����sj�|N; QoMJ�6��U�C�c��r&�ava�p�Q�>�^͗/�a̳f$��BtG$�\_n<�?�� ��5���������;N�;@ �� �{=�F�}��/�|n�Ɖ�S��C:WFr�Gn�O���^�q)���y�q�Q�7��J��۔�>�~�m��a�a�p6��t�W�uV,j�-\�(���B�|�]�N�v��+�69ui����h@#�u��Z��ì�1��]�1�ԁ������:���C^m����D����lk�8X��;5����� ��V0��Jފ]�>�A+ٽ8���|�]��JW�-� ��]��pWs�O�Fj�ZV��...

People Also Search

Creating Equitable, High-performing, And Safe Schools Today Requires A Leader

Creating equitable, high-performing, and safe schools today requires a leader willing to overcome adversity, stay persistent, and take smart risks. Tom Szczesny is principal at Powderhorn Elementary in Dakota Ridge, Colorado. Previously, he worked for 14 years in the School District of Philadelphia across a range of roles, including teacher, researcher, teacher coach, and principal. He holds a doc...

Schools Need To Be Intentional About Building Positive, Lasting Relationships

Schools need to be intentional about building positive, lasting relationships between teachers and students and among students themselves, said Robert Balfanz, the director of the Everyone Graduates Center at the Johns Hopkins University School... “When kids are connected to school they come more often, they do better in school, they also have better physical and mental health and engage in fewer ...

Sorry, Marketing Cookies Are Required To View This Form. This

Sorry, marketing cookies are required to view this form. This piece by CZI’s Senior Director of Research to Practice, Gabriela López, was published in ASCD’s Education Leadership (EL) magazine in July 2024. Schools across the country are still grappling with the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing chronic absenteeism, which remains well above pre-pandemic levels, is a particular...

But There Are Additional Opportunities To Build Systems And Structures

But there are additional opportunities to build systems and structures that can help educators know their students more deeply, build stronger relationships, and make learning more relevant to students’ lives—all of which can help... At the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI), we partner with organizations to translate research on the science of learning and development into effective classroom pract...

Kristin Van Marter Souers Is A Licensed Mental-health Clinician And

Kristin Van Marter Souers is a licensed mental-health clinician and has more than 30 years of experience teaching, coaching, training, and consulting in a multitude of settings. She is the lead author (with Pete Hall) of two revolutionary, bestselling ASCD books on childhood trauma and stress: Fostering Resilient Learners: Strategies for Creating a Trauma-Sensitive Classroom and Relationship, Resp...