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Forensic Science Simple English Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia

Leo Migdal
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forensic science simple english wikipedia the free encyclopedia

Forensic science (or forensics) is when science works to answer questions a lawyer might ask. Most often, forensics is about proving that someone was present at a place where a crime was committed. Specialists take samples which are later analyzed in a laboratory. Most forensic tests can take from 1 hour to one year, and investigators need to double (and triple) check the answer, so they know that the answer is the right answer. If a forensics team made a mistake the wrong person could be jailed, or they could get into trouble themselves. Samples commonly taken include fingerprints.

People also look for other things that could be used, for example a few hairs (or pieces of skin) and autopsy if dead. Samples like hair or skin can be use for DNA testing, which allows to tell the gender of the person the hair is from, amongst others. When someone is accused of committing the crime, these pieces of evidence can then be matched up. Then, if they are correct, the person is charged. Forensic science, often confused with criminalistics,[1][2] is the application of science principles and methods to support decision-making related to rules or law, generally specifically criminal and civil law. During criminal investigation in particular, it is governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.

It is a broad field utilizing numerous practices such as the analysis of DNA, fingerprints, bloodstain patterns, firearms, ballistics, toxicology, microscopy, and fire debris analysis. Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze evidence during the course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene of the crime to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a laboratory role, performing analysis on objects brought to them by other individuals.[3] Others are involved... In addition to their laboratory role, forensic scientists testify as expert witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic, certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of forensically related cases.[5] The term forensic stems from the Latin word, forēnsis (3rd declension, adjective), meaning "of a forum, place of assembly".[6] The history of the term originates in Roman times, where many judicial processes, such as...

This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word forensic—as a form of legal evidence; and as a category of public presentation.[7] Forensic evidence is a way of using forensic science to find out who someone is using technology to look at stuff they've touched. It is commonly used at places where crimes have taken place and are being investigated. One of the most common types of evidence is fingerprints. When someone touches something, they leave their fingerprint on it. Using technology, people can look at the fingerprint on the object that was touched and find out who touched it.

The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system.This may be in relation to a crime or to a... But besides its relevance to the underlying legal system, more generally forensics encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific methodology and norms under which the facts regarding an event, or an artifact, or some other... The word “forensic” comes from the Latin adjective “forensis” meaning of or before the forum. During the time of the Romans, a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their side of the story.

The individual with the best argument and delivery would determine the outcome of the case. Basically, the person with the sharpest forensic skills would win. This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word "forensic" - as a form of legal evidence and as a category of public presentation. In modern use, the term "forensics" in place of "forensic science" can be considered incorrect as the term "forensic" is effectively a synonym for "legal" or "related to courts". However, the term is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates the word "forensics" with "forensic science". The "Eureka" legend of Archimedes (287-212 BC) can be considered an early use of forensic anthropology.

He determined that a crown was not completely made up of gold (as it was fraudulently claimed). This conclusion was reached by evaluating the density of the object using measurements of its displacement and its weight, as he was not allowed to damage the crown.The earliest account of fingerprint use to... According to an Arabic merchant, Soleiman, a debtor's fingerprints were affixed to a bill, which would then be given to the lender. This bill was legally recognized as proof of the validity of the debt.[citation needed] The first written account of using medicine and entomology to solve (separate) criminal cases is attributed to the book Xi Yuan Ji Lu (洗冤集錄, translated as "Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified"), written in Song... In one of the accounts, the case of a person murdered with a sickle was solved by a death investigator who instructed everyone to bring his sickle to one location.

Flies, attracted by the smell of blood, eventually gathered on a single sickle. In light of this, the murderer confessed. The book also offered advice on how to distinguish between a drowning (water in the lungs) and strangulation (broken neck cartilage), along with other evidence from examining corpses on determining if a death was... Forensic psychology is a branch of forensic sciences and psychology which relates to the law.[1] The main part of forensic psychology is working with the criminal justice system. Forensic psychology is the use of psychological practices and principles and applying them to the legal system, mainly in court. In 1893 James McKeen Cattell at Columbia University was the first to research and study the psychology of testimony.[2]

The American Psychological Association Council of Representatives in 2001 recognized Forensic psychology as a specialty.[3] A broad definition for forensic psychology includes two parts. The first part is to research human behavior that is and/or can be related to the legal process. The second is the use of psychological practice to consult on and within the legal system, including both criminal and civil law. [3] The public part of a forensic psychologist’s time is spent in a courtroom working as a witness for the court. They answer questions based on interviews and discussions with people suspected of a crime.

One aspect of a forensic psychologist is to give evidence as to the suspect’s ability to stand trial. Another is to give their thoughts about the accused's state of mind at the time of the offense. At sentencing, a forensic psychologist may give evidence of mitigating circumstances arising from the accused's condition at the time. Forensic psychology has some major roles in a court that bring psychology into a legal arena. The first is "malingering" a defendant is pretending to have a mental illness, or is lying to the court about his state of mind. A defendant does this for two reasons: seem incompetent to stand trial due to illness or try and plea not guilty due to insanity.

[4]A forensic psychologist keeps in mind that a defendant may have a mental disorder but also keeps in mind to watch for signs of deception, or errors in the defendant’s story. Another job of a forensic psychologist is to investigate the state of mind of the defendant at the time he or she committed the crime. Another is to see whether or not the defendant is able to be charged with the crimes due to his or her mental condition. Another job is to evaluate the defendant to see if he or she is able to be rehabilitated, or if they might commit the crime again. Digital forensics is a forensic science where experts look at computer devices to help solve crime. It can also include mobile phones.

The experts who do digital forensics are often called "analysts" or "investigators". When an expert is asked to look at a computer it is called an "investigation". A digital forensics investigation happens when someone is blamed for a crime that includes using a computer. The expert will look for evidence about the crime. They will try to prove whether the person is to blame or not. Sometimes investigations are used in disputes between companies and/or people (known as civil law).

These may not involve a crime. Instead the expert is asked to find out information about a person or company by looking at their computer. There is a specific word used to describe this type of investigation, it is "eDiscovery". Another use of digital forensics is called "intrusion detection". It happens after a hacker breaks in to a computer network. After the break in an expert is often asked to look at the networked computers to try and find out how it happened.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to forensic science: Forensic science – application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. This may be in matters relating to criminal law, civil law and regulatory laws. it may also relate to non-litigious matters. The term is often shortened to forensics. 18.

# P.Chandra Sekharan, 'LIP FORENSICS' (2011), ISBN 978-81-8465-769-2; Anand Publications, 143, SFS407, Yelahanka New Town, Bangalore 560 106; India 19. P.Chandra Sekharan, " The First Human Bomb; ISBN 81-8395-035-3 ALT Publications, Hyderabad -2 Computer forensics (also known as computer forensic science)[1] [2] is a branch of digital forensic science. That branch is about evidence found in computers and digital storage media.

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Forensic Science (or Forensics) Is When Science Works To Answer

Forensic science (or forensics) is when science works to answer questions a lawyer might ask. Most often, forensics is about proving that someone was present at a place where a crime was committed. Specialists take samples which are later analyzed in a laboratory. Most forensic tests can take from 1 hour to one year, and investigators need to double (and triple) check the answer, so they know that...

People Also Look For Other Things That Could Be Used,

People also look for other things that could be used, for example a few hairs (or pieces of skin) and autopsy if dead. Samples like hair or skin can be use for DNA testing, which allows to tell the gender of the person the hair is from, amongst others. When someone is accused of committing the crime, these pieces of evidence can then be matched up. Then, if they are correct, the person is charged....

It Is A Broad Field Utilizing Numerous Practices Such As

It is a broad field utilizing numerous practices such as the analysis of DNA, fingerprints, bloodstain patterns, firearms, ballistics, toxicology, microscopy, and fire debris analysis. Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze evidence during the course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene of the crime to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a ...

This Origin Is The Source Of The Two Modern Usages

This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word forensic—as a form of legal evidence; and as a category of public presentation.[7] Forensic evidence is a way of using forensic science to find out who someone is using technology to look at stuff they've touched. It is commonly used at places where crimes have taken place and are being investigated. One of the most common types of evi...

The Following 15 Pages Are In This Category, Out Of

The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system.This may be in relation to a crime or to a... But besides its relevance to the underlying legal system, more generally forensics encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific methodolo...