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15 4 Barriers And Opportunities For Health Promotion And Disease

Leo Migdal
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15 4 barriers and opportunities for health promotion and disease

By the end of this section, you should be able to: Many factors influence the health of individuals and communities. A barrier is a circumstance or obstacle that keeps people from progressing toward achieving a positive health outcome. Barriers to health promotion and disease prevention exist at various levels, including the individual level, family level, system level, and community or population level. The health care setting may even present barriers. On the other hand, communities provide many opportunities for health promotion and disease prevention, particularly within health care.

Nurses who understand barriers can capitalize on available opportunities. Nurses should be aware of barriers, including barriers to economic stability and those that block access to high-quality education and health care, so they can plan to overcome them for clients or populations. Other barriers relate to neighborhood and built environment and to social and community contexts. These barriers can also contribute to health disparities, as described in Health Disparities. As discussed, the SDOH are barriers that can prevent an individual from obtaining the resources they need to achieve better health outcomes and improved quality of life (Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, 2020;... The experience of structural racism results in chronic discrimination, stress, and depression, which has a further negative impact on the ability of those within historically marginalized populations and can create a further barrier to...

One particular form of a barrier to health outcomes has already been discussed in Structural Racism and Systemic Inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated this point: As individuals and populations encounter these many barriers to health promotion and disease prevention, health outcomes begin to decline. Overcoming these barriers is the only way to successfully achieve positive health outcomes, as an individual or a population. By the end of this section, you should be able to: Many factors influence the health of individuals and communities.

A barrier is a circumstance or obstacle that keeps people from progressing toward achieving a positive health outcome. Barriers to health promotion and disease prevention exist at various levels, including the individual level, family level, system level, and community or population level. The health care setting may even present barriers. On the other hand, communities provide many opportunities for health promotion and disease prevention, particularly within health care. Nurses who understand barriers can capitalize on available opportunities. Nurses should be aware of barriers, including barriers to economic stability and those that block access to high-quality education and health care, so they can plan to overcome them for clients or populations.

Other barriers relate to neighborhood and built environment and to social and community contexts. These barriers can also contribute to health disparities, as described in Health Disparities. As discussed, the SDOH are barriers that can prevent an individual from obtaining the resources they need to achieve better health outcomes and improved quality of life (Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, 2020;... The experience of structural racism results in chronic discrimination, stress, and depression, which has a further negative impact on the ability of those within historically marginalized populations and can create a further barrier to... One particular form of a barrier to health outcomes has already been discussed in Structural Racism and Systemic Inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated this point:

As individuals and populations encounter these many barriers to health promotion and disease prevention, health outcomes begin to decline. Overcoming these barriers is the only way to successfully achieve positive health outcomes, as an individual or a population. Address correspondence to: Rosemary M. Caron, PhD, MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Healthcare Leadership, Charlestown Navy Yard, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129. rcaron@mghihp.edu This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Public health aims to promote health, protect population health, and prevent disease and injury through the core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance.1 These public health actions, at various governmental and community levels,... Specifically, health promotion is a collective strategy that creates the right social and physical conditions individually, institutionally, and societally to improve the determinants of health and empower individuals to improve their health by increasing... The effectiveness of these constructs is evidenced by the historical initiatives (e.g., Alma Ata Declaration), health equity initiatives (e.g., Healthy People 2030), and the greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century, which have... The breadth of health promotion activities includes systemic regulatory, political, educational, and organizational actions that result in conditions conducive to individuals, groups, and communities.10 The pandemic has had lasting, albeit not uniform, effects on... In rural communities, many factors influence health. Rural communities experience a higher prevalence of chronic conditions than their urban counterparts.

Examples of chronic conditions include heart disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, stroke, and diabetes. Rural communities also experience higher rates of mortality and disability than urban communities. Limited access to health promotion and disease prevention programs and healthcare services contribute to these health challenges. Examples of social determinants that are barriers for rural communities in accessing healthcare include: These shared barriers provide context for the needs of rural communities and an understanding of the strategies that will be most effective to address rural barriers to care. 2019 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report: Chartbook on Rural Healthcare Document Presents an overview of healthcare quality and disparities found in rural populations based on more than 250 measures of healthcare services and...

Tracks quality measures on six rural-urban county levels for access to care, patient safety, person-centered care, care coordination, effective treatment, and affordability. Authors(s): Barton, B., Boonyasai, R.T., & Hahn, C. Organizations(s): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Date: 11/2021 People who live in rural areas of the United States are more likely than urban residents to die prematurely from chronic diseases. CDC works to improve rural health through funding, research, surveillance, and telehealth. One in five people in the U.S.

live in rural areas. These rural residents are more likely than urban residents to die prematurely from five of the leading causes of death: heart disease, cancer, stroke, unintentional injuries, and chronic lower respiratory disease. Several factors contribute to these health disparities: The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) works to improve the health of rural communities through funding, research, surveillance, and telehealth. NCCDPHP funds and guides states, universities, territories, and tribes to reach rural populations with proven interventions and innovative projects. For example, CDC's High Obesity Program (HOP) funds universities to work with community extension services to increase access to healthier foods and safe places for physical activity.

These efforts focus on counties with an adult obesity rate of 40% or more, and mostly rural communities across 15 states in the South and Midwest. During 2018–2023, HOP reached: \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \) \( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \) \( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)

\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \) Received 2021 May 27; Accepted 2022 May 13; Collection date 2022. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to... The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from... To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. There are potential health gains such as reducing early deaths, years spent in ill-health and costs to society and the health and care system by encouraging NHS staff to use encounters with patients to... Emergency department staff and paramedics are in a unique position to engage with a wide range of the population and to use these contacts as opportunities to help people improve their health. The aim of this research was to examine barriers and facilitators to effective health promotion by urgent and emergency care staff. A systematic search of the literature was performed to review and synthesise published evidence relating to barriers and facilitators to effective health promotion by urgent and emergency care staff. Medical and social science databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 and December 2021 and the reference lists of included articles were hand searched.

Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed risk of bias. Data was extracted using a bespoke form created for the study. A total of 19 papers were included in the study. Four themes capture the narratives of the included research papers: 1) should it be part of our job?; 2) staff comfort in broaching the topic; 3) format of health education; 4) competency and training... Whilst urgent and emergency care staff view health promotion as part of their job, time restraints and a lack of knowledge and experience are identified as barriers to undertaking health promotion interventions. Staff and patients have different priorities in terms of the health topics they feel should be addressed.

Patients reported receiving books and leaflets as well as speaking with a knowledgeable person as their preferred health promotion approach. Staff often stated the need for more training. Health promotion and disease prevention are overlapping yet distinct processes that guide the Healthy People 2030 initiative. Best defined by the Ottawa Charter, health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. The six dimensions of health promotion behaviors include responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, spiritual growth, and stress management. Disease prevention involves undertaking specific interventions geared toward decreasing the burden of disease and its associated risk factors.

Preventive care, including screenings, immunizations, check-ups, and counseling, are a large portion of prevention. Nurses play an important role in both health promotion and disease prevention. Nurses select and perform health promotion and disease prevention interventions at the individual and community levels. The nurse can use the five key action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion to guide interventions. To appropriately apply interventions, nurses must understand the stages of disease and their corresponding levels of prevention, which can lead to disease risk reduction and prevention of complications of a current disease. Nurses and other health care professionals use theoretical models and frameworks to provide appropriate support for health promotion and disease prevention practices at different levels.

A variety of theories and models exist at the individual (intrapersonal), interpersonal, and community levels. Prominent models include the socio-ecological perspective, the health belief model (HBM), the stages of change (transtheoretical) model, social cognitive theory (SCT), and diffusion of innovations theory. Individual- and system-level barriers, described as the social determinants of health (SDOH), influence the health of individuals and communities. The health care delivery system itself poses barriers to health promotion and disease prevention. Predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors can be supportive or produce obstacles, and the health care professional must consider these in their efforts to promote health and prevent disease. Health promotion settings include cities, hospitals, schools, universities and colleges, workplaces, and others.

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By The End Of This Section, You Should Be Able

By the end of this section, you should be able to: Many factors influence the health of individuals and communities. A barrier is a circumstance or obstacle that keeps people from progressing toward achieving a positive health outcome. Barriers to health promotion and disease prevention exist at various levels, including the individual level, family level, system level, and community or population...

Nurses Who Understand Barriers Can Capitalize On Available Opportunities. Nurses

Nurses who understand barriers can capitalize on available opportunities. Nurses should be aware of barriers, including barriers to economic stability and those that block access to high-quality education and health care, so they can plan to overcome them for clients or populations. Other barriers relate to neighborhood and built environment and to social and community contexts. These barriers can...

One Particular Form Of A Barrier To Health Outcomes Has

One particular form of a barrier to health outcomes has already been discussed in Structural Racism and Systemic Inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated this point: As individuals and populations encounter these many barriers to health promotion and disease prevention, health outcomes begin to decline. Overcoming these barriers is the only way to successfully achieve positive health outcomes...

A Barrier Is A Circumstance Or Obstacle That Keeps People

A barrier is a circumstance or obstacle that keeps people from progressing toward achieving a positive health outcome. Barriers to health promotion and disease prevention exist at various levels, including the individual level, family level, system level, and community or population level. The health care setting may even present barriers. On the other hand, communities provide many opportunities ...

Other Barriers Relate To Neighborhood And Built Environment And To

Other barriers relate to neighborhood and built environment and to social and community contexts. These barriers can also contribute to health disparities, as described in Health Disparities. As discussed, the SDOH are barriers that can prevent an individual from obtaining the resources they need to achieve better health outcomes and improved quality of life (Healthcare Information and Management ...