Cognitive Processes Associated With Emotional Disorders Implications

Background: Emotional disorders (EDs) are the most prevalent worldwide. Despite psychotherapies are their treatment of choice, there are difficulties to apply them properly in mental health services. Since literature shows that cognitive processes are associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, more information is needed in order to improve psychological treatments. Aims: To determine the relation between cognitive factors with specific and non-specific ED symptoms in order to promote the development of accurate psychological treatments. Methods: We analyzed the relation between rumination, worry, and metacognition with generalized anxiety, panic, and depression disorder symptoms from a clinical sample of 116 individuals through correlation and linear regression analyses. Results: Although each specific disorder had a closer link with a particular cognitive process, all general ED symptoms were associated with the three cognitive factors studied.

Conclusions: For "pure" disorders, targeting a concrete cognitive process might be an optimal therapeutic option. However, due to the high comorbidity among EDs, we support the dissemination of the transdiagnostic treatment approach in which all cognitive factors are taken into account. Objective: In this naturalistic study we aimed to investigate the relationships between two central change processes (affective and cognitive) and two common relationship factors ("Confidence in the therapist" and "Confidence in the treatment"), which... We also investigated whether these interrelationships varied across treatment orientations (i.e., cognitive or psychodynamic focused). Method: The sample consisted of 631 patients with a primary anxiety or depressive disorder who were admitted to an inpatient program and treated with psychotherapy. The data consisted of weekly measures of cognitive (i.e., "rumination") and affective (i.e., "problems with emotional clarity") change processes as well as scores on Confidence in the therapist and Confidence in the treatment and...

A multivariate version of the latent curve model with structured residuals was used to investigate the within-patient effects of week-to-week changes in all variables. Results: Initial analyses established that both problems with emotional clarity and rumination predicted symptom distress. Further, we found that higher Confidence in the therapist predicted higher emotional clarity (but not lower rumination) whereas higher Confidence in the treatment predicted lower rumination (but did not affect emotional clarity). Post hoc analyses found that these interrelationships varied across treatment orientation (i.e., cognitive vs. psychodynamic). Discussion: The results indicate that patients' experience of the therapist is associated with emotional change processes, and that patients' experience of the coherence and meaningfulness of treatment, on the other hand, is associated with...

Implications for clinical practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). Mental health and substance use disorders affect people from all walks of life and all age groups. These illnesses are common, recurrent, and often serious, but they are treatable and many people do recover. Mental disorders involve changes in thinking, mood, and/or behavior. These disorders can affect how we relate to others and make choices.

Reaching a level that can be formally diagnosed often depends on a reduction in a person’s ability to function as a result of the disorder. For example: The coexistence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder (SUD) is referred to as co-occurring disorders. Co-occurring disorders may include any combination of two or more SUDs and mental disorders identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5-TR). Importantly, no specific combinations of mental and substance use disorders are uniquely defined as co-occurring disorders. According to SAMHSA’s 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 21.5 million adults in the United States have a co-occurring disorder.

People with mental illness are at a higher risk of developing an SUD compared to those without mental illness. Similarly, individuals with substance use disorders are particularly vulnerable to developing primary conditions or chronic diseases. It is important to note that combining medications used for treating SUDs with anxiety treatment medications—such as benzodiazepines—can have serious adverse effects. Common benzodiazepines include Xanax, Valium, and Klonopin, among others. Patients being treated for mental disorders often misuse the following types of substances:

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