Management Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A Review Focusing

Leo Migdal

-Dec 5, 2025, 5:12 PM

management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a review focusing

Address correspondence to Dr. Bollmeier (Suzanne.Bollmeier@stlcop.edu). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is... For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Exacerbations— acute worsening of COPD symptoms—can be mild to severe in nature.

Increased healthcare resource use is common among patients with frequent exacerbations, and exacerbations are a major cause of the high 30-day hospital readmission rates associated with COPD. This review provides a concise overview of the literature regarding the impact of COPD exacerbations on both the patient and the healthcare system, the recommendations for pharmacologic management of COPD, and the strategies employed... COPD exacerbations significantly impact patients’ health-related quality of life and disease progression; healthcare costs associated with severe exacerbation-related hospitalization range from $7,000 to $39,200. Timely and appropriate maintenance pharmacotherapy, particularly dual bronchodilators for maximizing bronchodilation, can significantly reduce exacerbations in patients with COPD. Additionally, multidisciplinary disease-management programs include pulmonary rehabilitation, follow-up appointments, aftercare, inhaler training, and patient education that can reduce hospitalizations and readmissions for patients with COPD. Maximizing bronchodilation by the appropriate use of maintenance therapy, together with multidisciplinary disease-management and patient education programs, offers opportunities to reduce exacerbations, hospitalizations, and readmissions for patients with COPD.

Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja uzzamahmedkhawaja@gmail.com Received 2023 Jun 8; Accepted 2023 Aug 18; Collection date 2023 Aug. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and debilitating condition that often necessitates hospitalization for exacerbations. Since COPD exacerbations can cause significant morbidity and mortality, managing them is crucial for patient care. Effective management of COPD exacerbations is essential to prevent complications, as COPD exacerbations are associated with increased healthcare costs and decreased quality of life.

This review aims to comprehensively discuss the management of COPD exacerbations, covering various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies. These include inhaled bronchodilators, systemic steroids, antibiotics, invasive and non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, smoking cessation, immunization with pneumococcal vaccine, inhalers at discharge, pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), ambulatory oxygen therapy, short-burst oxygen therapy,... It is drawn upon various sources, including clinical studies, systemic reviews, and observational studies, to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and identify areas for future research and innovation in managing COPD exacerbations. Addressing these areas of interest can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(copd), copd: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, clinical outcomes, non invasive ventilation, invasive ventilation, therapeutic interventions, copd exacerbation Purpose of review: The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms which can shape an individual patient's experience.

This paper reviews available therapeutic options for the clinician intending to individualize care toward patient goals. Recent findings: The contemporary targeted interventions for COPD include the novel phosphodiesterase inhibitor ensifentrine, the interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R alpha subunit) antibody dupilumab, augmentation therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Other interventions promoting physical and mental well being include re-envisioned pulmonary rehabilitation, self-management, targeting of comorbidities such as sarcopenia, and virtual health coaching interventions to expand patient access. Opioids did not relieve dyspnea and did not change total step count. Summary: Advances in precision therapy are complemented by the discovery of novel pathophysiology pathways and behavioral and rehabilitation interventions as a holistic view of COPD management emerges. The management of COPD continues to evolve with new tools including precision medicine and individualized care.

Management Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A Review Focusing

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Address Correspondence To Dr. Bollmeier (Suzanne.Bollmeier@stlcop.edu). This Is An Open

Increased Healthcare Resource Use Is Common Among Patients With Frequent

Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja Uzzamahmedkhawaja@gmail.com Received 2023 Jun 8; Accepted 2023

This Review Aims To Comprehensively Discuss The Management Of COPD

This Paper Reviews Available Therapeutic Options For The Clinician Intending