Massive Open Online Course Encyclopédie Wikimonde

Leo Migdal

-Dec 6, 2025, 6:14 AM

massive open online course encyclopédie wikimonde

Un MOOC (/muk/ Écouterⓘ, acronyme formé des initiales de massive open online course, en français cours en ligne ouvert à tous ou CLOT, ou encore cours en ligne ouvert massivement ou CLOM,) est un... L'appellation MOOC est passée dans le langage courant en France ; elle est désormais reconnue par les principaux dictionnaires. En 2016, Mélanie Ciussie et Michel-Henry Bouchet estimaient à environ un million le nombre de MOOC, déjà produits, surtout créés aux États-Unis (pour 80 % environ), et suivis dans les deux tiers des cas... Les participants aux cours, enseignants et élèves, sont dispersés géographiquement et communiquent uniquement par Internet. Des ressources éducatives libres sont souvent utilisées. Dans le monde anglophone, il peut arriver que plus de 100 000 personnes soient réunies pour un cours.

Diverses appellations sont utilisées en France : MOOC principalement, mais aussi cours en ligne ouvert et massif,[4] (CLOM) ou cours en ligne ouvert aux masses[5] (en anglais : massive open online course, MOOC). La Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française et l’Office québécois de la langue française recommandent les traductions « cours en ligne ouvert à tous » (CLOT) ou « cours en ligne ouvert massivement »... L'acronyme « MOOC » rentre dans Le Petit Robert 2015[6] et Le Petit Larousse 2016[7]. Pour un article plus général, voir Formation en ligne. Un MOOC (/muk/ Écouterⓘ, acronyme formé des initiales de massive open online course, en français cours en ligne ouvert à tous ou CLOT[1],[2] ou encore cours en ligne ouvert massivement ou CLOM[1],[2]) est un... L'appellation MOOC est passée dans le langage courant en France ; elle est désormais reconnue par les principaux dictionnaires.

En 2016, Mélanie Ciussie et Michel-Henry Bouchet estimaient à environ un million le nombre de MOOC, déjà produits, surtout créés aux États-Unis (pour 80 % environ), et suivis dans les deux tiers des cas... Les participants aux cours, enseignants et élèves, sont dispersés géographiquement et communiquent uniquement par Internet. Des ressources éducatives libres sont souvent utilisées. Dans le monde anglophone, il peut arriver que plus de 100 000 personnes soient réunies pour un cours. Diverses appellations sont utilisées en France : MOOC principalement, mais aussi cours en ligne ouvert et massif[3],[4] (CLOM) ou cours en ligne ouvert aux masses[5] (en anglais : massive open online course, MOOC). La Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française et l’Office québécois de la langue française recommandent les traductions « cours en ligne ouvert à tous » (CLOT) ou « cours en ligne ouvert massivement »...

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are an innovative evolution of distance and online education, providing free or low-cost access to courses for large numbers of participants worldwide. The term "MOOC" was first coined in 2008, marking the beginning of a significant educational trend that gained prominence in 2012, often referred to as "the year of the MOOC." These courses promote independent... Leading platforms like Coursera, Udacity, and edX emerged, partnering with universities to offer a diverse range of subjects and reaching millions of learners globally. MOOCs differ from traditional education in several ways, particularly in their open access and lack of prerequisites, making them accessible to anyone with internet connectivity and basic digital skills. However, while they aim to democratize education, challenges remain, such as high dropout rates, the need for self-motivation, and uneven access to technology. Critics point out that participation tends to skew toward individuals from developed regions with prior educational backgrounds, potentially reinforcing existing inequalities in higher education.

Despite these concerns, MOOCs hold the potential to enhance global learning opportunities and support lifelong education initiatives, although their long-term impact and effectiveness are still subjects of ongoing research and debate. A massive open online courses (MOOC) is an evolved version of distance and online education, both of which have been around in various forms for decades. Correspondence education dates back as far as the late nineteenth century, while computers and the Internet have been used in education since their earliest stages. As early as 1972, Athabasca University in Alberta, Canada was delivering distance education using print, television, and eventually online content to teach courses to national and international students. MOOCs promote independent learning by exploring a variety of learning possibilities in the digitally connected world. They enable access to a collective space where knowledge is constructed in a participatory, interactive, contextualized, and creative framework, made possible by free-of-charge, web-based, open-access online courses.

The term MOOC was coined by Dave Cormier, a professor at the University of Prince Edward Island, for a course designed and taught in 2008 by George Siemens and Stephen Downes. The course, Connectivism and Connective Knowledge, was offered for credit to a few registered fee-paying students, and free of charge with no credit to about 2,300 online students from the public. Subsequently, MOOCs gained momentum as an increasingly popular form of education. Coursera, Udacity, and edX arose as three of the leading MOOC providers, collaborating and partnering with universities to offer course content to a broader array of students. Coursera and Udacity, among others, used a commercial model, while edX was one of several nonprofit MOOC providers. Both models demonstrated the ability to draw in students, with Coursera attracting five million students and edX over 1.3 million by 2013.

The market for MOOCs grew rapidly in 2012—called "the year of the MOOC" by the New York Times—and the phenomenon received prominent media coverage due to the potential disruptive impact on traditional education. By 2023, Coursera offered more than 10,000 courses in several languages from different disciplines (e.g., math, science, humanities, technology) and had more than 20 million students. Its instructors are professors, executives, Nobel Prize winners, and bestselling authors. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are one of the most high-profile education and technology developments in recent years and have attracted a wealth of responses from researchers, educators, social commentators, and the media. In order to approach a comprehensive understanding of what the MOOC is, as this entry will try to do, it is not only a technological and pedagogical timeline of developments that has to be... This entry will therefore comprise three sections: early experimentations, mainstream platforms, and responses.

These sections will outline the key individuals and organizations involved and the dominant channels through which MOOCs have developed, diverged, and become established. Following the acronym, MOOCs might be classified as courses that are designed for large numbers of participants (“massive”), free to access (“open”), delivered... This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Adams, S. (2012). Is coursera the beginning of the end for traditional higher education?

Forbes. 17 July 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2012/07/17/is-coursera-the-beginning-of-the-end-for-traditional-higher-education/ Barber, M., Donnelly, K., & Rizvi, S. (2013).

An avalanche is coming: Higher education and the revolution ahead. Institute for public policy research. Retrieved November 16, 2013. http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/images/media/files/publication/2013/04/avalanche-is-coming_Mar2013_10432.pdf Definition: Exclusively online courses which are accessible to any learner at any time, are typically free to access (while not necessarily openly licensed), and provide video-based instructions and downloadable data sets and exercises. The “massive” aspect describes the high volume of students that can access the course at any one time due to their flexibility, low or no cost, and online nature of the materials.

Related terms: Accessibility, Distance education, Inclusion, Open learning Reference: Baturay (2015); https://opensciencemooc.eu/ Drafted and Reviewed by: Elizabeth Collins, Tsvetomira Dumbalska, Mahmoud Elsherif, Helena Hartmann, Sam Parsons, Charlotte R. Pennington Over the past couple of decades, many colleges, companies, and organizations have begun offering MOOCs as a potential option for upleveling existing skills and understanding or exploring new topics. So what is a MOOC?

How is it different from a traditional college course? Can a MOOC really help you reach your goals? Glad you’re here: This guide answers all of those questions and more. It also breaks down the pros and cons of MOOCs and shares additional places you can look for free, online, college-level courses. Should you take a MOOC or three? You’ll know by the end of this guide.

“MOOC” stands for Massive Open Online Course—essentially, a MOOC is an online course that’s open to anyone and available on the internet. Many MOOCs are free or low-cost, but they can also offer paid options for certifications or additional features. MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Courses, defined by Brouns et al. (2014) as “an online course designed for large number of participants that can be accessed by anyone anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection, is open to everyone without entry qualifications and... Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) are offered online and (mostly) for free, providing open access to learning opportunities for all. However, contrasting definitions and interpretations of MOOCs exists.

MOOCs have made headlines in higher education over the last years and generated a lot of discussion amongst educators, higher education institutions, government policy makers and private companies. No subject in educational technology in recent years has generated as much excitement and concern amongst the academic community as MOOCs. The media coverage, although somewhat diminishing, is huge compared to all other educational innovations in previous decades. It created interest of both private and public stakeholders resulting in serious investments. Bates (2015) specifies the essential elements behind each acronym of MOOC. Common in these definitions are the following aspects to give meaning to the elements of a MOOC:

The discussion is about what are essential definitions of each of those characteristics. For each of the elements different opinions are available. Consequently, some online courses are not MOOC according to the more strict definition. A primer on the evolution, current landscape and future of massive open online courses (MOOCs). Massive Open Online Courses, or MOOCs, are online classes designed for unlimited participation, massive numbers of students, and free, open access via the Internet. A relatively new approach to learning, many consider MOOCs to be the latest generation of distance learning.

Even though MOOCs are relatively new, distance learning has a lengthy history. It began with correspondence study, which became popular after the Industrial Revolution as factories needed a more qualified workforce and the postal service was increasing its reach, speed and reliability. Electronic media ushered in the second generation of distance learning with the use of radio and television. Students in greater numbers could take advantage of content from all over the world, even when they could not access formal education. Still, this second generation of learning lacked key pedagogical factors – direct, real-time interaction with other students and the instructor. A new initiative in the United Kingdom was the impetus for the third generation of distance learning.

Established in 1969, the Open University combined correspondence learning, the use of radio and TV, and residential short courses. In a departure from previous versions of distance learning, the Open University’s online courses and learning materials were open to all students with an Internet connection. This change is said to have been a key influence in the rise of the MOOC movement.[i] The term MOOC was first used in 2008 to describe an open online course designed by George Siemens (formerly of Athabasca University in Canada) and Stephen Downes (National Research Council of Canada). The course, “Connectivism and Connective Knowledge,” was presented to 25 tuition-paying students at the University of Manitoba, and took advantage of computers and the Internet to provide access to more than 2,000 members of... All content was available through RSS feeds and learners could participate with threaded discussions and simultaneous online meetings.[i]

Massive Open Online Course Encyclopédie Wikimonde

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