Massive Open Online Course Wikipédia

Leo Migdal

-Dec 6, 2025, 5:14 AM

A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web.[1] In addition to traditional course materials, such as... MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education,[2] first introduced in 2008,[3] that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.[4][5] Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources. Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.[6][7][8][9] Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are generally classified into two primary categories: xMOOCs, which prioritize structured content delivery, and cMOOCs, which focus on interaction and collaboration. Recent academic studies emphasize the importance of embedding pedagogical structures into MOOC development to enhance learner engagement and instructional quality.

Gráinne Conole (2015) introduced a comprehensive classification system and instructional design model to support this objective.[10] Conole's 12-dimensional classification framework evaluates courses across pedagogical criteria such as communication, collaboration, reflection, and personalization. This schema enables educators to assess the educational orientation of a MOOC and align it with specific learning goals. Complementing this is the 7Cs of Learning Design framework, which includes the stages of conceptualize, capture, create, communicate, collaborate, consider, and consolidate. These stages offer course developers a structured method for designing and implementing effective online learning environments. By applying these design frameworks, Conole illustrated how thoughtful instructional planning can address challenges frequently encountered in MOOCs, including low completion rates, limited learner interaction, and questions around the credibility of MOOC certifications.

These models provide educators with tools to align learning theories, such as associative, cognitive, constructivist, situative, and connectivist approaches, with course components like interactivity, feedback mechanisms, learner autonomy, and assessment strategies. Through this alignment, instructional design plays a central role in embedding sound pedagogy within large-scale online education.[5].mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6... A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web.[1] In addition to traditional course materials, such as... MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education,[2] first introduced in 2008,[3] that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.[4][5] Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources. Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.[6][7][8][9]

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are generally classified into two primary categories: xMOOCs, which prioritize structured content delivery, and cMOOCs, which focus on interaction and collaboration. Recent academic studies emphasize the importance of embedding pedagogical structures into MOOC development to enhance learner engagement and instructional quality. Gráinne Conole (2015) introduced a comprehensive classification system and instructional design model to support this objective.[10] Conole's 12-dimensional classification framework evaluates courses across pedagogical criteria such as communication, collaboration, reflection, and personalization. This schema enables educators to assess the educational orientation of a MOOC and align it with specific learning goals. Complementing this is the 7Cs of Learning Design framework, which includes the stages of conceptualize, capture, create, communicate, collaborate, consider, and consolidate.

These stages offer course developers a structured method for designing and implementing effective online learning environments. By applying these design frameworks, Conole illustrated how thoughtful instructional planning can address challenges frequently encountered in MOOCs, including low completion rates, limited learner interaction, and questions around the credibility of MOOC certifications. These models provide educators with tools to align learning theories, such as associative, cognitive, constructivist, situative, and connectivist approaches, with course components like interactivity, feedback mechanisms, learner autonomy, and assessment strategies. Through this alignment, instructional design plays a central role in embedding sound pedagogy within large-scale online education.[5] The 2008 course was called "Connectivism and Connective Knowledge" and was presented to 25 tuition fee-paying students in Extended Education at the University of Manitoba in addition to 2,300 other students from the general... Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a recent development in distance learning and open education.

MOOCs combine different OER, e-learning methods and social networks culminating in an online learning experience. MOOCs have a relatively high media profile and are often the subject of controversial claims. MOOC grew out of the OER movement in Canada, where Stephen Downes and George Siemens developed the first MOOC ('Connectivism and Connective Knowledge') in 2008. MOOCs can take place entirely within a virtual learning environment, entirely outside it, or in some hybrid form. By definition, MOOCs should be open in many respects, though this can mean different things in different contexts. They typically do not require entry requirements or tuition fees and do not carry course credits that are valid towards a formal qualification.

It is common to distinguish different types of MOOCs. The distinction made most often is between xMOOCs and cMOOCs. Some have argued that cMOOCs represent the original spirit of the MOOC experiment more authentically, while xMOOCs focus on scalable business models and sustainability. A massive open online course (MOOC) is a typically free web-based distance learning program that's designed for large numbers of geographically dispersed students. A MOOC might be patterned on a college or university course, or it can be less structured. Although they don't always offer academic credits, these courses often offer a certification, enhance employment opportunities or further studies.

Typically, MOOCs are used for higher education, upskilling and career advancement. MOOCs are online learning courses that a student accesses through the internet. Typically, these courses use cloud computing platforms for course delivery. The course content is created with course authoring tools and is subsequently hosted on a learning management systems (LMS) platform. The course provider, which is often a university, supplies the course materials and instructors. The LMS platform, such as EdX, Canvas, Coursera or Udacity, provides the technological infrastructure for course modules, user access and other learning resources.

MOOCs consist of traditional class materials and can include the following: In the field of open education, one of the latest trends is that of open[1] courses, called MOOCs (Massively Open Online Courses). Such courses are founded on the theory of connectivism and an open pedagogy based on networked learning. Typically, participation in a MOOC is free; however, some MOOCs may charge a fee in the form of tuition if the participant seeks some form of accreditation.[2] Although the courses generally do not have... The rest of the structure can be minimal – often consisting of a weekly presentation on the current topic, discussion questions, and suggested resources. In recognition that those attending a MOOC are expected to make the course their own, guidance tends to focus on allowing curriculum and structure to emerge from the exchange between participants.

Posting in discussions, reflecting on topical ideas, and sharing resources using a variety of social media are at the core of the MOOC learning process.[3] A Massive open online course (MOOC) is a course where the participants are distributed and course materials also are dispersed across the web. This is possible only if the course is open, and works significantly better if the course is large. The course is not a gathering, but rather a way of connecting distributed instructors and learners across a common topic or field of discourse.[4] MOOCs are a more recent form of online course development,... MOOCs are based on several principles stemming from connectivist pedagogy.[6][7][8] An earlier list (2005) of Connectivist principles[9] from Siemens also informs the pedagogy behind MOOCs:

MOOCs attract large numbers of participants, sometimes several thousands, most of whom participate peripherally ("lurk"). For example, the first MOOC in 2008 had 2200 registered members, of whom 150 were actively interacting at various times.[10] Learners can control where, what, how, with whom they learn, but different learners choose... The goal is to re-define the very idea of a "course," creating an open network of learners with emergent and shared content and interactions. A MOOC allows participants to form connections through autonomous, diverse, open, and interactive discourse. Un MOOC (/muk/ Écouterⓘ, acronyme formé des initiales de massive open online course, en français cours en ligne ouvert à tous ou CLOT, ou encore cours en ligne ouvert massivement ou CLOM,) est un... L'appellation MOOC est passée dans le langage courant en France ; elle est désormais reconnue par les principaux dictionnaires.

En 2016, Mélanie Ciussie et Michel-Henry Bouchet estimaient à environ un million le nombre de MOOC, déjà produits, surtout créés aux États-Unis (pour 80 % environ), et suivis dans les deux tiers des cas... Les participants aux cours, enseignants et élèves, sont dispersés géographiquement et communiquent uniquement par Internet. Des ressources éducatives libres sont souvent utilisées. Dans le monde anglophone, il peut arriver que plus de 100 000 personnes soient réunies pour un cours. Diverses appellations sont utilisées en France : MOOC principalement, mais aussi cours en ligne ouvert et massif,[4] (CLOM) ou cours en ligne ouvert aux masses[5] (en anglais : massive open online course, MOOC). La Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française et l’Office québécois de la langue française recommandent les traductions « cours en ligne ouvert à tous » (CLOT) ou « cours en ligne ouvert massivement »...

L'acronyme « MOOC » rentre dans Le Petit Robert 2015[6] et Le Petit Larousse 2016[7]. The following is a list of notable massive open online course providers (MOOCs) worldwide. Digital life and technology, Education and training, Health, Environment and sustainable development, Physics and Chemistry, IT and programming, Political science and international relations, Law, Economy and management, Life Sciences Fine Arts, High School, History, Literature & Language, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy & Intellectual History, Professional, Religion, Science, An overwhelming majority of young people today have access to the internet and use it to socialize, entertain themselves and find information. We’re all aware of the pros and cons of spending time online; you get that useful piece of information you were searching for, but then waste an extra hour clicking on irresistible links… But...

MOOCs (massive open online courses) are a way to access additional education in an area of your interest for free.This sounds like trick, but it is for real!Many world-leading universities have united into consortiums... Harvard, Yale, Oxford and many other famous institutions are in the list. The biggest MOOC platforms include Coursera, edX and Udacity, and many more are emerging.These platforms offer a large selection of massive open online courses, which provide the opportunity, as the edX creators put it,... Not only do they have a catchy slogan, but MOOCs really are cause for optimism, allowing anyone with an internet connection to access the opportunities a free online education provides. Online courses have been around for a while. The main difference with MOOCs is that they’re offered free of charge.

And since you can take them anywhere with an internet connection, there is no need to spend money on travel expenses, insurance, visas or accommodation. No need to leave home, country and family. MOOCs have also been characterized by the fact that many of the universities offering them have extremely strong global reputations, as do the academics involved in their development. These online courses offer the opportunity to experience learning from the world’s best professors and lecturers, both those purely from the academic world and those with relevant industry experience. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are online educational programs designed to be accessible to a large number of participants, often for free or at a low cost. These courses cover a wide range of subjects and are offered by universities, colleges, and educational platforms worldwide.

The primary purpose of MOOCs is to provide flexible, affordable, and inclusive access to quality education for learners globally. They leverage digital technologies to offer interactive and engaging learning experiences, often including video lectures, quizzes, discussion forums, and peer-reviewed assignments. MOOCs cater to diverse audiences, from individuals seeking to enhance their skills and knowledge to those pursuing lifelong learning opportunities. By breaking down geographical and financial barriers, MOOCs aim to democratize education and foster a culture of continuous learning in an increasingly digital world. A Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is an online educational platform designed to provide free or low-cost access to high-quality educational content to many participants simultaneously. Originating in the early 2000s, MOOCs gained significant popularity by the early 2010s, as they started to offer courses in partnership with prestigious universities and institutions across various subjects—from science and technology to humanities...

The key features of MOOCs include their ability to accommodate an unlimited number of participants, open accessibility via the Internet, and the use of diverse multimedia teaching tools such as video lectures, interactive quizzes,... This format allows participants to learn at their own pace, making education flexible and accessible from anywhere in the world. MOOCs are especially beneficial for continuous professional development and lifelong learning, offering pathways to career advancement through certificates and sometimes even academic credits. By democratizing access to education, MOOCs play a critical role in breaking down traditional barriers to learning and fostering an inclusive environment for personal and professional growth. The objectives of MOOCs extend beyond traditional education parameters. They aim to democratize access to education, facilitate lifelong learning, and enhance career development through flexible and inclusive means.

Massive Open Online Course Wikipédia

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