Race Healthcare And Health Disparities A Critical Review And
Address for Correspondence: Wendy L Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, Center for Social Justice and Health Equity, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Zero Emerson, Suite 3B, Boston, Massachusetts... Email: wmacias@mgh.harvard.edu Received 2022 Aug 15; Revised 2023 Apr 17; Accepted 2023 May 24; Issue date 2023 Sep. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ An overwhelming body of evidence points to an inextricable link between race and health disparities in the United States.
Although race is best understood as a social construct, its role in health outcomes has historically been attributed to increasingly debunked theories of underlying biological and genetic differences across races. Recently, growing calls for health equity and social justice have raised awareness of the impact of implicit bias and structural racism on social determinants of health, healthcare quality, and ultimately, health outcomes. This more nuanced recognition of the role of race in health disparities has, in turn, facilitated introspective racial disparities research, root cause analyses, and changes in practice within the medical community. Examining the complex interplay between race, social determinants of health, and health outcomes allows systems of health to create mechanisms for checks and balances that mitigate unfair and avoidable health inequalities. As one of the specialties most intertwined with social medicine, emergency medicine (EM) is ideally positioned to address racism in medicine, develop health equity metrics, monitor disparities in clinical performance data, identify research gaps,... In this critical review our aim was to (a) provide a synopsis of racial disparities across a broad scope of clinical pathology interests addressed in emergency departments—communicable diseases, non-communicable conditions, and injuries—and (b) through...
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Exploring the Role of Physical Activity in Obesity Treatment, Body Weight Management, and Related Health Outcomes in Adults: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, Department of Health Monitoring and Prevention, Public Health Department of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam... Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
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For decades, doctors and public health officials knew that racial and ethnic minorities experienced worse health outcomes than white Americans in nearly every category of disease and ailment—including heart disease, diabetes, HIV, and infant... Until 20 years ago, however, they were split on the impact that health care quality had on those disparities. In the 1990s, research increasingly showed that “if two people arrived in the emergency room, and all things were equal except for the color of their skin, there were differences in the quality of... But some argued race had nothing to do with it, except as a stand-in for other factors, such as poverty or education, that disproportionately affect minorities. Finally, the quasi-governmental Institute of Medicine commissioned a blue-ribbon committee of doctors, nurses, and health officials to settle the matter, specifically examining why those disparities existed, and what could be done to address them. Among those who helped push for the report was the late Jack Geiger, SM ’60, professor emeritus at City College of New York, who would go on to write one of its chapters.
He also recruited David Williams—now Florence Sprague Norman and Laura Smart Norman Professor of Public Health and Chair, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, at the Harvard Chan School, then at the University of... In the early 1990s, Williams had developed the Everyday Discrimination Scale, a tool used in studying the ways race affected how people were treated on a day-to-day basis. Other Harvard Chan School faculty who contributed to the report were the late W. Michael Byrd and his wife Linda Clayton, both instructors in public health practice. Byrd served on the committee and he and Clayton co-wrote a chapter.
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Address For Correspondence: Wendy L Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, Center For Social
Address for Correspondence: Wendy L Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, Center for Social Justice and Health Equity, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Zero Emerson, Suite 3B, Boston, Massachusetts... Email: wmacias@mgh.harvard.edu Received 2022 Aug 15; Revised 2023 Apr 17; Accepted 2023 May 24; Issue date 2023 Sep. This is an open ...
Although Race Is Best Understood As A Social Construct, Its
Although race is best understood as a social construct, its role in health outcomes has historically been attributed to increasingly debunked theories of underlying biological and genetic differences across races. Recently, growing calls for health equity and social justice have raised awareness of the impact of implicit bias and structural racism on social determinants of health, healthcare quali...
Understanding The Introduction Of Pathogens Into Humans: Preventing Patient Zero:
Understanding the Introduction of Pathogens into Humans: Preventing Patient Zero: Proceedings of a Workshop Strategies for State and Local Collaboration with Community Partnerships to Enhance Public Health Communication During Emergencies: A Rapid Expert Consultation Meeting Future U.S. Mineral Resource Needs: The Role of the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program Public Transit Workforc...
Exploring The Role Of Physical Activity In Obesity Treatment, Body
Exploring the Role of Physical Activity in Obesity Treatment, Body Weight Management, and Related Health Outcomes in Adults: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, Department ...
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