School Board Elections In The Us What Research Shows
To help journalists contextualize coverage of school board elections, we spotlight research on who votes in these elections, the role of teachers unions and how new board members can influence school segregation, funding and... This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to republish this piece both online and in print, and we encourage you to do so with the embed code provided below. We only ask that you follow a few basic guidelines. by Denise-Marie Ordway, The Journalist's Resource May 28, 2024 School board elections have grown increasingly politicized in recent years as conservative politicians and advocacy organizations push to restrict how public schools address issues related to race, gender and sexuality.
School boards in recent years have become the focal point of many heated, high-profile debates, on everything from pandemic-era mask policies to debates about LGBTQ+ students’ rights. In some places, once-quiet board rooms became centers of conflict, at times upending meetings and leading boards to change how they interact with the public. School boards are one of the most integral parts of K-12 districts, but how much do we really know about who serves on them and how they get there? How much controversy do they really deal with, and how much influence do school board members actually have over school district operations? School boards are in charge of signing off on curricula, approving schedules, and negotiating employee labor contracts. They are also tasked with hiring and overseeing superintendents, passing budgets, and setting policies.
In recent years, as some boards have experienced an uptick in political conflicts at meetings and in elections, some education researchers have set out to add to a growing pool of knowledge about who... Their findings have touched on boards’ demographic makeup, how competitive school board races are, and the difference teachers’ union endorsements can make. School boards have become ground zero for America’s education culture wars, with fiery debates over race, gender, curriculum, and pandemic policies making national headlines. But beyond the noise, how well do these elected bodies actually represent their communities? To find out, political scientists David Houston and Michael Hartney conducted the largest national survey of school board members in decades, gathering responses from more than 5,000 board members across 3,000 districts. They compared members’ political and demographic identities, as well as their views on controversial education issues, to those of the communities they serve.
The findings complicate common narratives. While board members’ partisanship and ideology largely mirror the American public’s—and often align with local voters on hot-button cultural issues—they diverge more on questions of school quality, school choice, and teachers’ unions. The report sheds light on the surprising ways representation works, and doesn’t work, in one of the country’s most important democratic institutions. The United States has more school board members than any other group of elected leaders—more than state representatives and more than city councilors.[1] Even after many district consolidations over the past century, we still... Despite its ubiquity and durability, however, the local school board is actually a pretty weird political institution. Since the Progressive Era, most board elections have been designed to “de-politicize” education, and consequently, they are often uncontested and held in odd corners of the calendar when few people vote, which means they’re...
This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Drawing on an original data set of over 4000 teacher-union endorsements in local school board elections, I make three contributions to the literature on union power in education politics. First, despite some recent evidence that union strength has narrowed at the federal and state levels, I show that teachers’ unions remain an influential player in local school politics today. Second, I provide evidence that teachers’ unions are active and influential in elections that occur outside of traditionally strong union states and prolabor school districts. Finally, I show that union-endorsed candidates do not win simply because they are stronger candidates ex ante, but in part, because union support makes them more formidable candidates on Election Day.
I conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings and suggest some avenues for future research on interest groups in local school politics. Keywords: Teachers unions, School boards, Education policy, Interest groups, Local politics An emerging narrative in American education suggests that teachers’ unions have lost significant political clout in recent years (Brill 2010; Ferman and Palazzolo 2017; Viadero 2009). On the surface, this thesis seems reasonable. The Great Recession put public sector unions squarely on the defensive (DiSalvo 2015). Teachers’ unions, in particular, have faced a variety of new political obstacles.
Wealthy education reform advocacy groups emerged to challenge their dominance (Henig et al. 2019; McGuinn 2012; Sawchuk 2012). For a short time, the unions even faced pushback from their traditional allies: In the early aughts, many Democrats joined with Republicans to support union-opposed school reforms (Hartney and Wolbrecht 2014). Then, at the end of the decade, the US Supreme Court announced that public sector unions could no longer collect fees from dissenting nonmembers, reducing the revenue that unions have to engage in advocacy... Despite these recent setbacks at the state and federal levels, we know much less about how these new dynamics have affected teacher-union influence in local school politics. Although several scholars have examined union power in collective bargaining (see, e.g., Anzia and Moe 2014; Marianno and Strunk 2018; Strunk et al.
2018; 2021; Hemphill and Marianno 2021), few studies have assessed teacher-union electioneering in contemporary school board elections.1 In fact, since Terry Moe first showed—nearly 20 years ago—that California’s teachers’ unions were active and influential... Attending to this omission is important because research shows that interest group electioneering is an important and consequential political tool, especially for public sector unions in local politics (Moe 2005; Sieg and Wang 2013;... According to our research, nearly half of the 80,000+ school board seats across the country are up for election over the next two cycles. These include seats representing many of the largest school districts in the country such as Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Las Vegas and more. From banning cellphones in school to managing up to 10 billion dollar education budgets, elected school boards play a pivotal role in the future of our schools and the well-being of our teachers and... And, despite the vast majority of school board races being classified as "nonpartisan", outside spending and political endorsements for these contests are on the rise as more partisan fights are taking place at the...
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