The Interest Group System The Great Broadening How The Vast

Bryan D. Jones, Sean M. Theriault, and Michelle Whyman Bryan D. Jones, Sean M. Theriault, and Michelle Whyman

328 pages | 90 line drawings, 4 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2019 Political Science: American Government and Politics APSA Legislative Studies Section: Richard F. Fenno Jr. Prize Won In The Great Broadening: How Vast Expansion of the Policymaking Agenda Transformed American Politics, Bryan D.

Jones, Sean M. Theriault and Michelle Whyman set out to prove that the period from the 1960s to the 1980s witnessed a ‘Great Broadening’ of the US government’s involvement in areas that had previously been off limits. Mining rich sources of data to provide insight into what caused this expansion and its consequences, the book should be read by anyone interested in Congress, policymaking and US political developments, writes Kyle Scott. The Great Broadening: How Vast Expansion of the Policymaking Agenda Transformed American Politics. Bryan D. Jones, Sean M.

Theriault and Michelle Whyman. University of Chicago Press. 2019. Modern political debate involves questions regarding every area of our lives, from healthcare, to food safety, to civil rights, finance and beyond. However, this has not always been the case in the US, where the national government had originally been given a narrow grant of authority. The broadening of national authority is not a new development in the US.

George Washington had barely adjusted to his new position as President when a generous reading of the Necessary and Proper Clause led to the creation of the First Bank of the United States at... The last institutional restraint codified in the Constitution was effectively nullified by the US Supreme Court in U.S. v. Darby Lumber (1941), when it declared that the Tenth Amendment was but a truism, thereby unleashing the US national government to do whatever it liked over the objections of the states. The path toward expansion has not followed a linear course. There have been attempts to reign in the expansion, but the trajectory has been steady in the direction of bigger and more.

In The Great Broadening: How the Vast Expansion of the Policymaking Agenda Transformed American Politics, authors Bryan D. Jones (a luminary in the field of policy and congressional research), Sean M. Theriault and Michelle Whyman set out to prove that the period from the 1960s to the 1980s was unique in US political development, providing some insight into what caused ‘the Great Broadening’ and its... Chapter 1. The Great Broadening - Bryan D. Jones, Sean M.

Theriault, Michelle C. WhymanDOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226626130.003.0001[broadening;extreme events;federal government;civil society;private sector]In Chapter 1, we argue that the Great Broadening was a rare and extreme event, a rupture, during which the role of the federal government inexorably changed. Almost all at once, the national government expanded its purview to include policies that were once reserved for civil society or local and state governments. (pages 1 - 26)This chapter is available at: https://academic.oup.com/chica... Chapter 2. Crossing the Legitimacy Barrier - Bryan D.

Jones, Sean M. Theriault, Michelle C. WhymanDOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226626130.003.0002[agenda setting;legitimacy barrier;private sector;public sector;state government;Policy Agendas Project;new issues;old issues]In Chapter 2, we rely on theories of agenda setting to discuss how issues cross the legitimacy barrier to be perceived as “ripe” for... We introduce our measure of institutional broadening based on the Policy Agendas Project coding scheme. (pages 29 - 50)This chapter is available at: https://academic.oup.com/chica... Chapter 3.

Arcs and Plateaus - Bryan D. Jones, Sean M. Theriault, Michelle C. WhymanDOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226626130.003.0003[arcs;plateaus;asymptote;Huntington’s horseshoe;Mayhew's landmark enactments;Supreme Court;federal budget]In Chapter 3, we show that the increase in the scope of the national government coincided with an increase in a variety of established quantitative indicators of political... We trace the path of the great broadening across a range of institutional outputs, including bill introductions, congressional hearings, roll-call votes, laws, the federal budget, and supreme court cases. (pages 51 - 70)This chapter is available at: https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Chapter 4. Dynamics of the Great BroadeningDOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226626130.003.0004[congressional hearings;Guttman scaling;subtopics;congressional agenda]In Chapter 4, we examine the nuts and bolts of the Great Broadening using the congressional hearings dataset. We show how the step-by-step expansion happened and then how it stopped and even retreated under the pressure of a conservative counterrevolution.This chapter is available at: https://academic.oup.com/chica... Chapter 5. Causes of the Great Broadening: Conventional Explanations - Bryan D. Jones, Sean M.

Theriault, Michelle C. WhymanDOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226626130.003.0005[contemporaneous dynamics;elections;party control;unified government;divided government;causality]In Chapter 5, we present some of the conventional explanations for the rapid expansion of the scope of the federal government in the 1960s and 1970s. Although political scientists may be tempted to force-fit the expansion to a story involving contemporaneous dynamics, this is, that it was caused by such institutional and exogenous factors as unified government, party control, and... (pages 87 - 108)This chapter is available at: https://academic.oup.com/chica... An “interest group system” refers to the totality of organized interests in a larger political system. Each state government, many local governments, and the federal government has its own “interest group system.” Further, these systems are connected in various ways.

The American federal system is composed of far more than 50 interest-group systems: the federal government system, 50 state systems, about five territorial systems, such as that of Puerto Rico, and numerous local systems,... Each is different in its composition and impact. How do national and state/territorial interest-group systems compare? How do states compare with one another? And how and why do actors join forces across these interest-group systems and intervene from one system to another? In answering these questions, governmental entities can be sources as well as targets of influence efforts.

Governments lobby governments, as do their agencies, officials, and their associations. Local governments routinely seek to influence their state legislature and governor, and those legislatures and governors try to influence the U.S. Congress and the president. There are important differences among these various systems today in their composition, influence, and regulation. Historically, state-based interest-group systems varied widely in their size and composition. Those variations have diminished somewhat over the 1980s as the number and diversity of interests in many states have increased; however, variations persist.

For example, the number of interest groups by state ranges from over 3,000 in New York to barely 300 in Hawaii and Alaska. Population size matters of course, but so do other factors. Virginia Gray and David Lowery developed a model to explain these variations based on economic, demographic, and other differences (2001). For example, some states are rich in an extractive natural resource (e.g., coal) with powerful mining interest groups, and those groups become more active when mining legislation comes before the legislature. Likewise, some states have a larger share of a certain demographic group such American Indians, Hispanics, or retired persons who have larger and more active interest groups as a result.

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