Understanding Video Codecs H 264 H 265 Hevc Vp9 Av1 Compared

Leo Migdal

-Dec 10, 2025, 6:04 PM

understanding video codecs h 264 h 265 hevc vp9 av1 compared

In this post, we’ll explain how video codecs work, why there are so many, and what the most common ones—H.264, HEVC, VP9, and AV1—are best used for. There are two main ways codecs compress: This clever mix of compression methods lets you stream full HD or even 4K video without needing terabytes of storage or bandwidth. 🔍 Where You Find It: YouTube (fallback), Blu-ray, online video players, live broadcasts. 💡Looking for templates optimized for fast rendering and playback with H.264? Check these templates out.

Comprehensive analysis of modern video codecs including H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1, and more. Find the perfect codec for your streaming, production, or archiving needs. Learn the fundamentals of video compression and why codecs are crucial for streaming and storage. Detailed analysis of H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1, and other important video codecs. Side-by-side technical comparison of compression efficiency, quality, and compatibility. The historical development and technological advancements in video compression technology.

In this blog, we’ll compare H.264 vs H.265 vs VP9 to help you understand the strengths, weaknesses, and practical uses of each codec. You’ll learn how they differ in encoding quality, CPU consumption, browser support, licensing, bandwidth savings, and supported streaming protocols. We’ll also cover the latest trends, including LCEVC and AV1. If you’d rather… Continue reading H.264 vs H.265 vs VP9. How to Choose the Right Codec in 2025? In this blog, we’ll compare H.264 vs H.265 vs VP9 to help you understand the strengths, weaknesses, and practical uses of each codec.

You’ll learn how they differ in encoding quality, CPU consumption, browser support, licensing, bandwidth savings, and supported streaming protocols. We’ll also cover the latest trends, including LCEVC and AV1. If you’d rather skip ahead to the How to choose section, check the table of contents below. A video codec is a software or hardware process that compresses or decompresses digital video. Video codecs are employed to reduce the size of video media to take-up less storage when archived and lower bitrates to stream; both yielding cost savings. When you watch a video online, the codec compresses it for sending and then decompresses it for viewing.

Codecs are used in streaming, video calls, and everyday video playback. H.264 also called MPEG-4 AVC or Advanced Video Coding – is a block oriented motion compensation-based video compression codec. It is a standard capable of providing good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards. It can be implemented in a wide variety of networks and systems and is usable with many protocols. Read more in the streaming glossary of our documentation. AVC code was also developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as an improvement over previous standards with an aim to deliver efficient compression and high-quality video content over the internet.

It was used by 91% of video industry developers as of September 2019. The names of codecs are complicated – MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264, AV1, VP9 and H.265, its impossible to know what they mean! This article explains these codecs simply, without going into technicalities. By the end, you will have a clear idea of what each offers. If you’re totally new, and don’t know anything about video compression, start by reading What is Video Compression? In the beginning there was COST 211 (don’t worry, they don’t exist anymore).

They created the H.120 standard, which basically flopped. But it paved the way for what we have today. The ITU-T VCEG (Video Coding Expert Group) formed to improve upon H.120, and that’s all we have to know about that. A deep dive into the best video codec options in 2025, from H.264 to AV1. Learn about compression efficiency, quality, compatibility, and future trends for developers and engineers. Want to level-up your learning?

Subscribe now Subscribe to our newsletter for more tech based insights Comprehensive Guide to Video Streaming Protocols: HLS, DASH, RTMP, and More What is an HLS Player and How Does HLS Streaming Work? The video format landscape involves both containers (file formats) and codecs (compression algorithms), creating a complex ecosystem of choices. While MP4 with H.264 dominated for over a decade, newer codecs like HEVC (H.265), VP9, and AV1 offer dramatically improved compression efficiency.

Meanwhile, modern containers like WebM enable advanced streaming features. Choosing the wrong combination can result in massive file sizes that consume storage and bandwidth, compatibility issues across platforms, or quality loss that degrades viewing experience. Containers (file formats) hold video, audio, and metadata: Released: Container 2001, Codec 2003 | Support: Universal File Size: 1GB per hour (1080p at 5Mbps) | 2.5GB per hour (4K at 15Mbps) Released: 2013 | Support: Modern devices (iPhone 6+, Android 5.0+)

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital video technology, compression standards play a pivotal role in determining video quality, streaming efficiency, bandwidth utilization, and device compatibility. Among the myriad of codecs available today, AV1, H.265 (also known as HEVC), and VP9 stand out as the most prominent and widely discussed. Understanding their differences, advantages, limitations, and the contexts in which they excel is essential for content creators, streaming platforms, device manufacturers, and consumers alike. This comprehensive article aims to provide an in-depth comparison of AV1, H.265 (HEVC), and VP9, highlighting their technical foundations, compression efficiencies, licensing models, hardware support, and real-world applications. Whether you are a professional involved in video production, a developer designing media applications, or an enthusiast interested in the future of digital video, this guide aims to equip you with detailed knowledge to... Video compression has undergone significant transformations since the advent of digital media.

Early standards like MPEG-2 and H.264 (AVC) set the foundation for high-quality digital video, balancing complexity and efficiency. As bandwidth demands and resolution requirements increased—moving towards 4K, HDR, and beyond—newer codecs emerged to meet rising performance standards. Google’s VP9, introduced around 2013, emerged as an open-source alternative to H.265/HEVC. Originally designed to improve upon VP8, VP9 aimed to deliver better compression efficiency without licensing fees. It gained popularity, especially on YouTube, due to its royalty-free nature and support for 4K video. H.265, standardized in 2013 by the ITU-T and ISO/IEC, provided approximately double the compression efficiency of H.264.

Its adoption was driven by broadcasting standards, streaming services, and hardware manufacturers seeking better quality at lower bitrates. However, licensing complexities hampered some of its adoption. In today’s digital landscape, video content dominates our online experiences, from streaming services to social media platforms. Behind every smooth video playback lies sophisticated technology called video codecs – the unsung heroes that make high-quality video streaming possible while keeping file sizes manageable. Understanding the three major players in modern video compression – H.264, H.265, and VP9 – is crucial for content creators, developers, and anyone involved in digital video production. Video codecs are software algorithms that compress and decompress digital video files.

The term “codec” combines “coder” and “decoder,” reflecting their dual function of encoding video for storage or transmission and decoding it for playback. Without codecs, video files would be astronomically large – a single minute of uncompressed 4K video could occupy over 20 gigabytes of storage space. The primary goal of any video codec is to achieve the optimal balance between file size, video quality, and processing requirements. Modern codecs accomplish this through sophisticated mathematical algorithms that identify and eliminate redundant information while preserving visual fidelity that matters most to human perception. Developed by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and standardized in 2003, H.264 (also known as AVC or MPEG-4 Part 10) revolutionized digital video. This codec became the backbone of modern video streaming, powering everything from YouTube uploads to Blu-ray discs.

H.264’s success stems from several key innovations:

Understanding Video Codecs H 264 H 265 Hevc Vp9 Av1 Compared

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