2 2 Authorship And Authorship Responsibilities Councilscienceeditors O

Trust is fundamental to scientific communication: Trust that the authors have accurately reported their contributions, methods and findings; trust that authors have disclosed all potential conflicts of interest; and trust that editors have exercised... Problems with authorship are not uncommon and can threaten the integrity of scientific research.1 With the aim to decrease such problems, this section focuses on principles to guide authorship-related decisions, policies, practices, and responsibilities. Journal editors best serve readers and promote integrity in scientific publication when they ensure accurate reporting and disclosures by authors. The first step in creating transparency for readers is accurate identification of those who participated in the research and the reporting. Authors are generally defined as persons who have contributed sufficiently to a scientific report to be listed on the byline of the published report. Many journals provide guidelines on authorship in their instructions for authors.

Some professional and research funding organizations and academic institutions also provide such guidance. Principles, customs, and practices regarding authorship differ across cultures and scientific disciplines and sometimes within disciplines. This document aims to summarize common principles to guide authorship across scientific disciplines. Principles common to most guidelines on authorship include the following: CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications was first published in 2006, and the full document was updated in 2009 and again in 2012. In 2018, the CSE Editorial Policy Committee (EPC) began making updates on a rolling basis as new sections are added and/or existing sections are updated to reflect new information or best practices.

This updated method for amending the document allows for more rapid dissemination of its contents so that they can be put in to practice in journal office operations as quickly as possible. In this issue of Science Editor, the authors of this article aim to advise the readership of the most recent updates. We thank the members of the EPC (along with non-EPC members Carolyn deCourt, Darren Early, Monica Leigh, Megan McCarty, and Lindsey Struckmeyer) for their assistance with these updates. The full CSE White Paper is available online at https://www.councilscienceeditors.org/cse-recommendations. Editors fit into a unique role in the lifecycle of journal articles, acting as guides for the content and strategy as well as contributors to that content. They are integral to both to the strategy of the journal as a whole and the experience of authors, reviewers, and readers of the journal.

They therefore have the responsibility to uphold the standards for that journal content and support the efforts of authors and reviewers. It is important to update the standards and ethical responsibilities for editors to ensure this process is confidential when needed, that editors know the expectations for their position, and that the integrity of the... Updated links1 reflect best practices for Editors. Editors handle sensitive, sometimes cutting-edge material regularly and may themselves contribute to research published in their field while being editors for their particular journal. The confidentiality of that material and any potential conflicts of interest for authors, reviewers, and editors themselves are important to the authors of the paper and to the integrity of the journal and their... Handling these critical items with care, and understanding what is expected of them in relation to this information, is central to the editor’s role.

The updated links2 reflect best practices for confidentiality. Received 2023 Apr 2; Accepted 2023 Apr 13; Collection date 2023 Jun. Authorship in scientific manuscripts indicates intellectual contribution of individuals to a research project and authors play a key role in the research and dissemination of results of a research project. It is important for authors to follow guidelines on authorship and submission of manuscripts and to agree on the order of authorship before beginning the project. Criteria for authorship, roles and responsibilities of authors, author metrics and misconduct of authors and their consequences are discussed in this editorial. Properly assigning authorship ensures transparency, accountability, and fairness in the scientific community.

Keywords: Authorship, Editorial, Contributorship, Role and responsibility of the author The dictionary definition of an author is a writer of a book, article or document. Writing for general public magazines is different from writing for scientific journals. The former is not peer reviewed while the latter is reviewed by peers. As science is governed by a set of rules, so is the writing for scientific journals. While there is scope for imagination and abstract writing in scientific manuscripts too, these are generally limited to within the confines of the governing rules.

These rules help to produce high quality, peer reviewed manuscripts which can be searchable within each subject, speciality, and sections of the document for the purpose of researching, citing and comparing with other studies. For the purpose of publication in scientific journals, ICMJE recommendation 2019 [1] gave the definition of authorship which should satisfy all the following four conditions. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND Authorship confers credit and has important academic, social, and financial implications. Authorship also implies responsibility and accountability for published work. The following recommendations are intended to ensure that contributors who have made substantive intellectual contributions to a paper are given credit as authors, but also that contributors credited as authors understand their role in...

Editors should be aware of the practice of excluding local researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) from authorship when data are from LMICs. Inclusion of local authors adds to fairness, context, and implications of the research. Lack of inclusion of local investigators as authors should prompt questioning and may lead to rejection. Because authorship does not communicate what contributions qualified an individual to be an author, some journals now request and publish information about the contributions of each person named as having participated in a submitted... Editors are strongly encouraged to develop and implement a contributorship policy. Such policies remove much of the ambiguity surrounding contributions, but leave unresolved the question of the quantity and quality of contribution that qualify an individual for authorship.

The ICMJE has thus developed criteria for authorship that can be used by all journals, including those that distinguish authors from other contributors. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors. CSE’s Recommendations for Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications was first published in 2006, and the full document was updated in 2009 and again in 2012. Since May 2018, the paper is updated on a rolling basis as new sections are added and/or existing sections are updated to reflect new information or best practices.

This updated method for amending the document will allow for more rapid dissemination of updates. Emails from the CSE Marketing Committee as well as Commentaries in Science Editor will alert the membership to the updates. 2.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN PUBLISHING 2.1 Editor Roles and Responsibilities *Updated Oct. 2022 2.1.1 Editorial Freedom2.1.2 Confidentiality2.1.3 Conflicts of Interest2.1.4 Conflict of Interest Disclosure2.1.5 Citation Manipulation2.1.6 Editorial Board Participation2.1.7 Supplements, Special Series, or Calls for Papers *Updated Aug.

20242.1.8 Timeliness of the Publication Process2.1.9 Errata, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern2.1.10 Addressing Authorship Disputes2.1.11 Considering Appeals for Reconsideration of Rejected Manuscripts2.1.12 Addressing Allegations or Findings of Misconduct (see section 3.0)2.1.13 Preprint Servers *Updated... 20222.1.14 Standards for Critiques/Responses to Published Articles *New Oct. 20222.1.15 Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Work *New Apr. 20232.1.16 Censoring and Editing Reviewer Comments *New Aug. 20242.1.17 References2.1.18 Resources and Case StudiesAppendix 2.2 Authorship and Author Responsibilities *Updated Jun.

2020 Considering recent directives by the current administration of the United States government regarding manuscripts under review at scientific journals, the CSE Editorial Policy Committee highlights our recommendations on the following topics: anonymous authorship, editorial... The full CSE Recommendations for Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications are available at https://www.councilscienceeditors.org/recommendations-for-promoting-integrity-in-scientific-journal-publications.1 Because authorship should be transparent and requires public accountability, it is not appropriate to use pseudonyms or to publish scientific reports anonymously. In extremely rare cases, when the author can make a credible claim that attaching their name to the document could cause serious hardship (e.g., threat to personal safety, loss of employment), a journal editor... Other categories of authorship that may be acceptable in certain circumstances include group authorship and the inclusion of deceased or incapacitated authors.

(Section 2.2.2) Editors have the responsibility to inform and educate readers. Making clear and rational editorial decisions will ensure the best selection of content that contributes to the body of scientific knowledge. (Section 2.1) An editor essentially is responsible for what appears in their journal. To establish and maintain high-quality journal content, an editor should, prior to accepting a position, receive an explicit written statement from the journal’s owner that defines the editor’s responsibilities and autonomy.

Regardless of the scientific field, editors should be given full responsibility for editorial decisions on individual manuscripts. (Section 2.1.1) Authors are expected to follow the DOI Code of Scientific and Scholarly Conduct, and fulfill the following roles: - make substantial intellectual contributions to the conception, experimental design, or planning of the work; and/or- are substantively involved in acquiring, analyzing, or interpreting data; and- write or improve the work by contributing pivotal... Large, multi-disciplinary collaborations should have clearly defined authorship agreements that are established before the project begins and follow bureau authorship requirements. Discussion and attribution of individual contributions is essential in large projects.

At a minimum, all authors must be able to identify their contribution, agree to the publication of a manuscript, and, take public responsibility for the full content of the work. There are important contributions that do not merit authorship but may merit acknowledgment and/or citation, such as:- securing funding for the scientific or scholarly work;- providing supervisory or administrative support for the scientific or... It is very important to discuss responsibilities and authorship among participating individuals before a project commences and periodically as work progresses. Most authorship disputes can be avoided or resolved by engaging in open conversation early in the process to ensure all contributors agree. A simple authorship agreement may be drafted to keep members of a group project accountable. The authorship agreement should be updated as necessary to reflect any changes in roles, participation, and to reflect any new or departing members.​​

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