Authorship Guidelines And Tools For Documentation
The purpose of this guidance is to facilitate increased transparency in the determination of authorship to ensure that collegial and ethical interactions are professionally initiated, maintained, documented, and resolved. The School of Public Health recommends the use of the McNutt, et al. criteria which have arisen from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (McNutt, et al., 2018). These criteria allow for authorship parameters that are more inclusive than other established models and are conducive to the collaborative environment of public health research. According to the criteria, individuals should be considered authors if they meet the following criteria of a, b, and c: a.
Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the... b. to have approved the submitted version (and any substantially modified version that involves the author's contribution to the study); Authorship confers credit and has important academic, social, and financial implications. Authorship also implies responsibility and accountability for published work. The following recommendations are intended to ensure that contributors who have made substantive intellectual contributions to a paper are given credit as authors, but also that contributors credited as authors understand their role in...
Editors should be aware of the practice of excluding local researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) from authorship when data are from LMICs. Inclusion of local authors adds to fairness, context, and implications of the research. Lack of inclusion of local investigators as authors should prompt questioning and may lead to rejection. Because authorship does not communicate what contributions qualified an individual to be an author, some journals now request and publish information about the contributions of each person named as having participated in a submitted... Editors are strongly encouraged to develop and implement a contributorship policy. Such policies remove much of the ambiguity surrounding contributions, but leave unresolved the question of the quantity and quality of contribution that qualify an individual for authorship.
The ICMJE has thus developed criteria for authorship that can be used by all journals, including those that distinguish authors from other contributors. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors. Below are several resources available to NIH staff to promote research integrity of authorship and publications, some of which are internal IRP resources and some of which are external resources. This page was last updated on Monday, September 22, 2025
University of Arizona Authorship Guidelines Authorship confers credit and has singificant implications for researchers. The University of Arizona is committed to ensuring fair recognition of contributions in research and scholarly publications and to providing guidelines that foster a culture of transparency, collaboration, and collegiality. Below we address what authorship means and why it matters, what authorship resources are available, and how to handle disputes in authorship. Jump to specific sections using the links below: What is Authorship and why does it matter?
Authorship is a critical component of research, reflecting the contributions of individuals to a body of work. It signifies not only the creation of ideas but also the collaborative effort required to bring those ideas to fruition, whether through developing theories, conducting experiments, or writing scholarly articles. Authorship matters because it is the primary means by which researchers receive recognition and credit for their work. This recognition is essential for professional advancement, promotions, funding opportunities, and reputational standing—of both the author and institution—within the academic community. Trust is fundamental to scientific communication: Trust that the authors have accurately reported their contributions, methods and findings; trust that authors have disclosed all potential conflicts of interest; and trust that editors have exercised... Problems with authorship are not uncommon and can threaten the integrity of scientific research.1 With the aim to decrease such problems, this section focuses on principles to guide authorship-related decisions, policies, practices, and responsibilities.
Journal editors best serve readers and promote integrity in scientific publication when they ensure accurate reporting and disclosures by authors. The first step in creating transparency for readers is accurate identification of those who participated in the research and the reporting. Authors are generally defined as persons who have contributed sufficiently to a scientific report to be listed on the byline of the published report. Many journals provide guidelines on authorship in their instructions for authors. Some professional and research funding organizations and academic institutions also provide such guidance. Principles, customs, and practices regarding authorship differ across cultures and scientific disciplines and sometimes within disciplines.
This document aims to summarize common principles to guide authorship across scientific disciplines. Principles common to most guidelines on authorship include the following:
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The Purpose Of This Guidance Is To Facilitate Increased Transparency
The purpose of this guidance is to facilitate increased transparency in the determination of authorship to ensure that collegial and ethical interactions are professionally initiated, maintained, documented, and resolved. The School of Public Health recommends the use of the McNutt, et al. criteria which have arisen from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (McNutt, et al., 2018). T...
Each Author Is Expected To Have Made Substantial Contributions To
Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the... b. to have approved the submitted version (and any substantially modified version that involves the author's contribution to the study); Authorship confers credit and has important academic, s...
Editors Should Be Aware Of The Practice Of Excluding Local
Editors should be aware of the practice of excluding local researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) from authorship when data are from LMICs. Inclusion of local authors adds to fairness, context, and implications of the research. Lack of inclusion of local investigators as authors should prompt questioning and may lead to rejection. Because authorship does not communicate wh...
The ICMJE Has Thus Developed Criteria For Authorship That Can
The ICMJE has thus developed criteria for authorship that can be used by all journals, including those that distinguish authors from other contributors. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work....
University Of Arizona Authorship Guidelines Authorship Confers Credit And Has
University of Arizona Authorship Guidelines Authorship confers credit and has singificant implications for researchers. The University of Arizona is committed to ensuring fair recognition of contributions in research and scholarly publications and to providing guidelines that foster a culture of transparency, collaboration, and collegiality. Below we address what authorship means and why it matter...
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