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United Nations General Assembly Wikipedia

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united nations general assembly wikipedia

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA)[a] is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ. Currently in its 80th session, its powers, composition, functions, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The UNGA is responsible for the UN budget, appointing the non-permanent members to the Security Council, appointing the secretary-general of the United Nations, receiving reports from other parts of the UN System, and making... The General Assembly meets under its president or the UN secretary-general in annual sessions at the General Assembly Building, within the UN headquarters in New York City. The primary phase of these meetings generally runs from September through part of January until all issues are addressed, which is often before the next session starts.[4] It can also reconvene for special and... The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of the 51 founding nations.

Most questions are decided in the General Assembly by a simple majority. Each member country has one vote. Voting on certain important questions—namely recommendations on peace and security; budgetary concerns; and the election, admission, suspension, or expulsion of members—is by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. Apart from the approval of budgetary matters, including the adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security under the Security Council's consideration. During the 1980s, the Assembly became a forum for "North-South dialogue" between industrialized nations and developing countries on a range of international issues.

These issues came to the fore because of the phenomenal growth and changing makeup of the UN membership. In 1945, the UN had 51 members, which by the 21st century nearly quadrupled to 193, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries. Because of their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly (using coordinating groups like the G77), the character of its debates, and the nature of its decisions. For many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal outlet for their foreign relations initiatives. The United Nations (UN) is a global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the articulated mission of maintaining international peace and security, to develop friendly... The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague.

The UN comprises six principal organizations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council which, together with several specialized agencies... There are in total 193 member states and 2 observer states. The UN has primarily focused on economic and social development, particularly during the wave of decolonization in the mid-20th century. The UN has been recognized as a leader of peace and human development, with many officers and agencies having been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, but has also been criticized for perceived ineffectiveness, bias,... In the century prior to the UN's creation, several international organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross were formed to ensure protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and strife.[4] During World War I, several major leaders, especially U.S.

president Woodrow Wilson, advocated for a world body to guarantee peace. The winners of the war, the Allies, met to decide on formal peace terms at the Paris Peace Conference. The League of Nations was approved and started operations, but the United States never joined. On 10 January 1920, the League of Nations formally came into being when the Covenant of the League of Nations, ratified by 42 nations in 1919, took effect.[5] The League Council acted as an... It began with four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan. A United Nations General Assembly resolution is a decision or declaration voted on by all member states of the United Nations in the General Assembly.

General Assembly resolutions usually require a simple majority (more yes votes than no votes) to pass.[1] However, if the General Assembly determines that the issue is an "important question" by a simple majority vote,... Although General Assembly resolutions are generally non-binding towards member states, internal resolutions may be binding on the operation of the General Assembly itself, for example with regard to budgetary and procedural matters. The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly. The session of the assembly is scheduled for every year starting in September—any special, or emergency special, assemblies over the next year will be headed by the president of the UNGA. The presidency rotates annually between the five geographic groups: African, Asia-Pacific, Eastern European, Latin American and Caribbean, and Western European and other States.[1]

Because of their powerful stature globally, some of the largest, most powerful countries have never held the presidency, including the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and Japan. A few countries had a national elected as president of UNGA twice: Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Hungary and Nigeria; all the other member states had a national holding this office once (not counting additional special... In addition to the president, a slate of 21 vice-presidents are elected for each General Assembly session. The vice-presidents have the same powers and duties as the president, and the president may designate one of them to cover his absence from any meeting or part thereof.[2][3] The United Nations General Assembly is made up of all United Nations member states. The Assembly meets once a year, which usually begins on the third Tuesday in September and ends in mid-December.

The first meeting was held on 10 January 1946. Voting in the General Assembly on important questions, for example suggestions on world peace, human rights and security, is by two-thirds of those present and voting. Other questions are decided by popular vote. Each member country has one vote. At present, the Holy See (Vatican City) and Palestine are the only two observer states at the United Nations. Switzerland also had that status until it became a member state.

The current President of the United Nations General Assembly is Philémon Yang since 10 September 2024. United nations general assembly observers have the right to speak in the assembly. The observers have no rights to vote in the assembly. The Eightieth session of the United Nations General Assembly is the current session of the United Nations General Assembly, which began on 9 September 2025.[1] The president of the General Assembly is from the... On 2 June 2025, Germany's former foreign minister Annalena Baerbock was elected to the position of President of the General Assembly.[3] The General Assembly elected the following countries as the vice-presidents of the 80th session:

The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council: Each member of the General Assembly will have a representative speaking about issues concerning their country and the hopes for the coming year as to what the UNGA will do. This is an opportunity for the member states to opine on international issues of their concern. Council on Foreign Relations Council on Foreign Relations Since its inception, the UN General Assembly, also known as UNGA, has been a forum for lofty declarations, sometimes audacious rhetoric, and rigorous debate over the world’s most vexing issues, including poverty, development, peace... As the most representative organ of the 193-member United Nations, the assembly holds a general debate in the organization’s New York headquarters from September to December and convenes special sessions at other times to...

The 79th General Assembly session, in 2024, will focus on the theme of “advancing peace, sustainable development, and human dignity.” It will include a highly anticipated Summit of the Future, which has an overarching... The session will also discuss the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a sweeping initiative that sets targets for improving social, economic and environmental conditions globally. These efforts have become even more pressing after an increasing number of extreme climate events in recent years; at this time, only an estimated 16 percent of the goals are on track to be... The Seventy-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly was the session of the United Nations General Assembly which was opened on 17 of September 2019 until 16 September 2020. The theme for the 74th session was "Effective responses to global crises: strengthening multilateralism and dialogue among civilizations for international peace, security and development."[1] On 4 June 2019, Nigerian diplomat and politician Tijjani Muhammad-Bande was elected by acclamation to the position of President of the General Assembly.

At the time of his election, Muhammad-Bande was serving as Nigeria’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations.[2] In his first speech as President-elect of the General Assembly, Muhammad-Bande laid out some of his priorities for the session. Paramount among them was the need to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, with particular attention being paid to peace and security, poverty eradication, zero hunger, quality education and climate action. He also pledged to focus on the promotion of human rights, as well as the empowerment of women and youth and gender parity in the United Nations system.[2][3][4] On 4 June 2019, the General Assembly elected the following countries as the vice-presidents of the 74th Session:[2][5][6]

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