Defining The Role Of Author And Contributors

Authorship confers credit and has important academic, social, and financial implications. Authorship also implies responsibility and accountability for published work. The following recommendations are intended to ensure that contributors who have made substantive intellectual contributions to a paper are given credit as authors, but also that contributors credited as authors understand their role in... Editors should be aware of the practice of excluding local researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) from authorship when data are from LMICs. Inclusion of local authors adds to fairness, context, and implications of the research. Lack of inclusion of local investigators as authors should prompt questioning and may lead to rejection.

Because authorship does not communicate what contributions qualified an individual to be an author, some journals now request and publish information about the contributions of each person named as having participated in a submitted... Editors are strongly encouraged to develop and implement a contributorship policy. Such policies remove much of the ambiguity surrounding contributions, but leave unresolved the question of the quantity and quality of contribution that qualify an individual for authorship. The ICMJE has thus developed criteria for authorship that can be used by all journals, including those that distinguish authors from other contributors. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work.

In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors. Determining who qualifies as an author on a scholarly work—and in what order—can be one of the most complex and consequential aspects of academic publishing. Questions of authorship touch on professional ethics, disciplinary norms, collaboration dynamics, and institutional expectations. As research becomes increasingly interdisciplinary and collaborative, the need for clarity around authorship roles, responsibilities, and agreements has never been greater. This guide, developed in collaboration with Dr. Alice Young and Dr.

Casside Street, brings together a wide range of resources to support researchers, students, and faculty in navigating the multifaceted landscape of academic authorship. Topics include definitions of authorship, contributor roles and taxonomies, authorship agreements, common sources of dispute, and how to address misconduct. Whether you are preparing your first manuscript, mentoring students, or managing collaborative research teams, this guide is designed to help you foster transparency, accountability, and fairness in your publishing practices. According to the Government's Authorship guide (2019), created to support the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018) (the Code): The University's Authorship Policy (MPF1181) reinforces the Code and sets out "standards of responsible, honest, fair and accurate acknowledgement of authorship contribution." 5.1.

Individuals qualify as authors if they have made a significant intellectual or scholarly contribution to research and its output. Acknowledging that some journals, disciplines, and institutions may require a higher threshold, the University (with rare exceptions) requires authorship contributions to in general meet at least two or more of the following five criterion... a) conception and design of the research described in the research output; b) acquisition and/or processing of research data where it has required significant intellectual judgement or input; The purpose of this guidance is to facilitate increased transparency in the determination of authorship to ensure that collegial and ethical interactions are professionally initiated, maintained, documented, and resolved. The School of Public Health recommends the use of the McNutt, et al.

criteria which have arisen from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (McNutt, et al., 2018). These criteria allow for authorship parameters that are more inclusive than other established models and are conducive to the collaborative environment of public health research. According to the criteria, individuals should be considered authors if they meet the following criteria of a, b, and c: a. Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the... b.

to have approved the submitted version (and any substantially modified version that involves the author's contribution to the study); Authorship provides credit for an individual’s contributions to a study and carries accountability. There are no universally accepted standards for assigning authorship, and principles, customs and practices differ significantly from one discipline to another. Responsibility for decisions regarding the authorship of publications lies with those who carried out the work reported in the publication. Researchers should be aware of the authorship practices within their own disciplines and should always abide by any requirements stipulated by journals as part of their instructions to authors. Where no journal or discipline-specific norms apply, authorship criteria should be agreed by all investigators at an early stage of the research.

Where possible, it is advisable to keep written records of decisions regarding authorship and these should be revisited where roles and contributions change over the lifecycle of the study. Normally, an author is an individual judged to have made a substantial intellectual or practical contribution to a publication and who agrees to be accountable for that contribution. This would normally include anyone who has: made a significant contribution to the conception or design of the project or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND/OR Thank-you for creating an account on Longwoods.com. Please check your e-mail and follow the instructions to reset your password.

Adapted from Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (www.icmje.org). The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors.

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